1. Energy in Nature is connected

2. CELL RESPIRATION both Plants & Animals do this!
They both have to break down macromolecules to create energy and release H2O & CO2 as products
Remember the Tree diagram! O2 goes into the tree’s roots & H2O comes out of the leaves

3. FORMULA FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION
What are the reactants?
C6H12O6 + O2
What are the products?
ATP + CO2 + H20
You are now an expert on knowing Cellular Respiration in all organism!

4. formula for Cellular Respiration
ATP
Products of Cell Respiration
Reactants of Cell Respiration

5. Mitochondria (organelle) where Cell Respiration occurs

6. The 1st Step GLYCOLYSIS The break down of _____?

7. GLYCOLYSIS (or breakdown of organic molecules-proteins, lipids)
1. GLUCOSE (C6H12O6) is split into two 3 carbon molecules called PYRUVATE (C3H3O3). Notice this is about ½ of the glucose formula?
If glucose is split into 2 molecules, how many Pyruvates are created? 2!
requires energy so 2 ATP‘S are used (borrowed)
In the end, 4 ATP are made, for a net of 2 ATP’s
H2 from glucose, is added to the electron carrier NAD+ to become NADH.
So the PRODUCTS of Glycolysis are:
2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 PYRUVATES

8. Overview of Glycolysis
Reactant
Energy Borrowed
Energy made
products

9. NADH & FADH! ELECTRON TRANSPORTERS! Carry H+

10. Step 2 Krebs Cycle
Pyruvate enters the mitochondria to make 2 ATP molecules
NADH and FADH are made and help to generate more ATP in the 3rd step

11. Step 3 Electron Transport Chain
What are we transporting?
What was created in Glycolysis and in Krebs that has not been used yet?
H+ ions from Glucose being broken down

12. Electron Transport Chain on the mitochondria inner membrane
Remember NADH and FADH are electron carriers. Carry H+
The energy from passing along the electrons allows H+ to pass from the MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX to the MITOCHONDRIAL INTER-MEMBRANE SPACE
EXTRA H+ will also combine with Oxygen in the cell to make…
WATER

14. ATP SYNTHASE http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/atpgradient/movie-flash.htm
The ATP SYNTHASE CHANNEL
when H+ enters the ATP synthase channel 1 PO4 is added to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
The Synthase channel generates 34 MOLECULES OF ATP!

15. ATP Synthase Channel & the power of H+ protons http://www. stolaf

16. CELL RESPIRATION USING O2 http://www. mhhe

17. There are 2 kinds Anaerobic respiration 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (absence of oxygen) We don’t need no stinking O2!
Some organisms don’t use oxygen. Sometimes our cells run out of oxygen when we use a lot of ATP doing work.
There are 2 kinds Anaerobic respiration
1. Lactic Acid Fermentation
2. Alcohol Fermentation

18. Anaerobic Respiration Alcohol Fermentation yeast do this!
begins w/Glycolysis –breaking down food to make 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 Pyruvate-C3H4O3
Pyruvate releases CO2 to become Ethanol (an alcohol) C2H6O
Notice only 2 ATP molecules made

19. Lactic Acid Fermentation Our muscles do this!
begins w/Glycolysis to make 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 Pyruvate
Pyruvate is oxidized to become Lactate by the NADH
NADH oxidizes to NAD+ and is recycled back to glycolysis.
Notice only 2 ATP molecules are made.