1. MACROEVOLUTION Microevolution – focus on populations evolving
MACROEVOLUTION – large geological evolutionary events and speciation
Age of Earth and major evolutionary events
Fossil record analysis
Gradualism versus Punctuated Equilibrium
Phyletic versus Divergent Speciation

2. Phylogeny and Tree of Life (ch26)
Phylogeny – evolutionary history of species or group
Systematics – discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining phylogeny
* Binomial nomenclature
* Hierarchical classification

3. Morphology and Biochemistry
Before biochemical analysis evolutionary trees based on anatomy and physiology of organisms

4. Cladistics – classification based on common descent forms
Cladograms – group organisms based on shared characteristics
* Primitive or original characteristic = shared by all members of the group (of little value)
* derived or advanced characteristics – characteristics unique to a group, usually more advanced features added to the primitive

5. Cladograms Introduction

6. Try it – complete Cladogram Analysis

7. Answer

8. Try making your own – simple example

9. Notice common characters

10. Jars of Life!
Goal: Create a table, Venn Diagram and cladogram for the specimens in the group.

11. Example – Phylogeny of Living Organisms

12. HW: CLADOGRAM PHYLOGENY - Invertebrate and Vertebrate Cladograms – try them, use textbook and define unknown terms

13. Phylogeny and Systemics
LESSON 1
Phylogeny and Systemics

16. Example – Phylogeny of Living Organisms

18. Notice common characters

19. Which group circled depicts a complete evolutionary relationship with ancestors?1. 2.

20. According to the cladogram, are crocodiles related more closely to snake and lizards or birds?

21. What common character do birds and crocodiles share?
Lepidosauromorpha
Archosauromorpha
Diapsida

22. DNA!
CROCODILE AND CHICKEN DNA IS MORE SIMILAR THAN CROCODILE AND SNAKE or CROCODILE AND LIZARD

23. Constructing a Cladogram
1. Sort homology from analogy

26. Try one- start with table that shows common characters

29. Try this one – it’s similar to your project

30. Answer the following guiding questions
Which is the outlier?
Which are least related?
Which are the most closely related?
Which are second most related?
Now just piece the puzzle together!

31. Answer

32. EXAMPLE: Muscle protiens
Actin and Myosin are proteins that cause muscle contractions in all animals
Lots of additional proteins help support the muscle contraction process
These supporting proteins vary in amino acid sequence from one species to another
Can be used to determine rate of change and relationships

33. Your group will be producing a table like this one
Your group will be producing a table like this one! It will show common characters (proteins) between fish species

35. Using DNA/RNA as evidence for evolutionary relationships.
Having a BLAST! activity