1. International Nonproprietary Names. (INN)
an essential tool
In Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics.
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2. the World Health Organization.
INN
is an official nonproprietary or generic name
given to a pharmaceutical drug,
as designated by
the World Health Organization.
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3. can lead to confusion about the identity of the active ingredient.
The plethora of named proprietary preparations containing a given substance
can lead to confusion about the identity of the active ingredient.
INNs facilitate communication by providing a standard name for each substance;
they are designed to be unique and distinct so as to avoid confusion in prescribing.
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4. A drug’s INN is its internationally recognized scientific name.
Employed both by patients and healthcare professionals the INN frees users from the commercial names used by the drug companies.
INNs restore each player to his or her proper role:
the prescriber can concentrate on patient care, the pharmacist on monitoring drug treatments, and the patients on the informed use of drugs.
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5. More over: The existence of an international nomenclature
for pharmaceutical substances,
in the form of INN,
is important for the clear identification, safe prescription and dispensing of medicines to patients, and for communication and exchange of information among health professionals and scientists worldwide.
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6. Since its inception,
the aim of the INN system has been to provide health professionals with a unique and universally available designated name to identify each pharmaceutical substance.
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7. International Nonproprietary Names
identify pharmaceutical substances or active pharmaceutical ingredients. Each INN is a unique name that is globally recognized and is public property. A nonproprietary name is also known as a generic name. The INN system is managed by the World Health Organization.
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8. The INN system was established
in 1950 by the World Health Assembly and the first list of International Nonproprietary Names for pharmaceutical substances was published in 1953.
The cumulative list of INN now stands at some 7000 names designated since that time, and this number is growing every year by some new INN.
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9. As unique names,
INN have to be distinctive in sound and spelling, and should not be liable to confusion with other names in common use. To make INN universally available they are formally placed by WHO in the public domain, hence their designation as "nonproprietary". They can be used without any restriction whatsoever to identify pharmaceutical substances.
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10. Another important feature of the INN system
is that the names of pharmacologically-related substances demonstrate their relationship by using a common "stem". By the use of common stems the medical practitioner, the pharmacist, or anyone dealing with pharmaceutical products can recognize that the substance belongs to a group of substances having similar pharmacological activity.
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11. Use of International Nonproprietary Names.
Nonproprietary names are intended for use in pharmacopoeias, labeling, product information, advertising and other promotional material, drug regulation and scientific literature, and as a basis for product names, e.g. for generics.
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12. Drugs from the same therapeutic or chemical class are usually given names with the same stem.
Stems are mostly placed word-finally, but in some cases word-initial stems are used. They are collected in a publication informally known as the Stem Book.
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13. Examples: -anib for angiogenesis inhibitors (e.g. pazopanib)
-anserin for serotonin receptor antagonists, especially 5-HT2 antagonists (e.g. ritanserin and mianserin)
-arit for antiarthritic agents (e.g. lobenzarit)
-ase for enzymes (e.g. asparaginase)
-azepam for benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam and oxazepam)
-caine for local anaesthetics (e.g. procaine or cocaine)
-cain- for class I antiarrhythmics (e.g. procainamide)
-coxib for COX-2 inhibitors, a type of anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. celecoxib)
-mab for monoclonal antibodies (e.g. infliximab); see Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies
-navir for antiretroviral protease inhibitors (e.g. darunavir)
-olol for beta blockers (e.g. atenolol)
-pril for ACE inhibitors (e.g. captopril)
-sartan for angiotensin II receptor antagonists (e.g. losartan)
-tinib for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g. imatinib)
-vastatin for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, a group of cholesterol lowering agents (e.g. simvastatin)
-vir for antivirals (e.g. aciclovir or ritonavir)
arte- for artemisinin antimalarials (e.g. artemether)
cef- for cefalosporins (e.g. cefalexin)
io- for iodine-containing radiopharmaceuticals (e.g. iobenguane)
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15. Thanks for your attention.
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