1. December 05-06, 2011 Peace Palace, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
National Forum on Dissemination of
National Social Protection Strategy for the Poor and Vulnerable in Cambodia
The Role of Technical Vocational Education and Training in Social Protection
By H.E. Dr. PICH Sophoan
Secretary of State, Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
December 05-06, 2011
Peace Palace, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 1

2. Outline of Presentation
Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Roles in Social Protection
Overview of Social Protection
Current Situation
Challenges
Response
Vocational Training Program Has Been Offered So far
Short-term Activities
Medium and Long-term Activities 2

3. Overview of Social Protection – Umbrella
Poor
Vulnerable Group
Currently Poor who can’t cope with shock
Not Poor but highly exposed to shock
People who can’t cope with shock
Low or unskilled (daily
income generation)
School dropout
Traditional agriculture
cultivator
Infant & Elderly people
Minority
Disability
People infected by diseases
Women at reproductive age
Shocks could be: Agriculture or Food or Economic Crisis, Restructure of Economic structure, Health epidemic and Natural disaster. 3

4. Overview of Social Protection – Existing Scheme
Food, Nutrition, and Health Intervention
Food for work, food and meal distribution program for the food insecure area
Nutrition Program for maternal, children, people with disease, orphans
Raising awareness on health promotion, vaccination, and basic health protection
Education, Technical and Vocational Training Intervention
Scholarship for general education and technical education
Various short and long training program for vulnerable group
School feeding and take home rations
Social Welfare, and Work Condition Intervention
OSH inspection in workplace, and Work injury insurance
Conflict solution and arbitration mechanism
Social welfare service to special vulnerable groups
Labor Market Intervention
Quality assurance for TVET, and promoting lifelong learning via NQF
Public Employment Services, and better LMI via National Employment Agency
Research on Employment and Vocational skills required by the market
NSPS page 36-39 4

5. Labour Force (Age15+ in million)
Current Situation – Poverty and Labour Force
Poverty Rate
Labour Force (Age15+ in million)
Rural Hosts Most of the Poor (40% in 2004, and 35% in 2007)
Rural also Hosts Most of Labour Forces (78%)
Source: NIS, Census 2008 5

6. Current Situation – Poverty and Labour Force
Labour Force by Sector
RURAL hosts most POOR
Rural host most labour force
And Agriculture is in rural
>>>> ATTENTION must be paid to RURAL AREA!
How to HELP the RURAL POOR (currently poor) to GENERATE or INCREASE the INCOME?
How to HELP the OTHER who ARE NOT POOR but CLOSE to the POVERTY LINE or belong to VULNERABLE GROUP?
Source : CSES 2004, Census 2008 and NSDP 6

7. No job or Unstable Job or Unable to Work
Current Situation – Poverty Cycle
Poor
No education or training
Not enough nutrition (mentally & physically weak)
No Income or Low Income
No job or Unstable Job or Unable to Work
Children without sufficient nutrition will face mental and physical challenges that eventually lead to inability to study and unable to work.
Any policy helping currently poor to increase agriculture productivity or get employed in local economic activity or setup own micro business will lead to positive result in income generation!
With better income, the poor family will have better food regime. 7

8. Challenge – Entry Condition of Education and TVET
General Education
TVET
Grade 9 + 3
Grade (associated)
Grade (bachelor)
Fix location
Social science (white collar)
Academician, scholar
Scientist, R&D
No education but age 18 + month ( simple skill, vocational)
Grade or 2 or 3 (skilled)
Grade (technician)
Grade (engineer)
Both fix location and mobile
Operator or Practitioner (blue ...)
Productivity improvement
Self employ
General Education is likely fit for a more stable income group, and long term R&D
TVET especially vocational training is more flexible and suitable for poor and
vulnerable group (school drop out, women, disability, minority etc…) 8

9. Challenge – Enrollment Rate
Source: Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport 9

10. Challenge – Enrollment Rate
The poor and rich enroll their children in primary school in similar rate, but：
the lower-secondary (7th grade) enrollment rate of the poor (rural) is low compared to the rich (31.7% Vs.51.3%)
the upper-secondary (10th grade) enrollment rate of the poor (rural) is very low compared to the rich (14.9% Vs.46.8%)
So, it is hard for rural poor as well as urban poor to acquire skill or enroll in formal education which requires at least 9 years of education.
Finance and Time are the other critical constraints for the currently poor. 10

11. Response – Options! Flash Action or Policy:
Vocational Training for agriculture (productivity improvement, diversification of crop or farm)
Vocational Training for the need of local economic activity (increase employability, self employment)
Vocational Training as social safety net (for currently employed vulnerable group that might not be able to cope with the shock)
Medium or Long Term Policy is to educate and train semi- skilled, skill workforce, technician and engineer to match economic diversification strategy:
More stable job and income
Better work condition 11

12. Response – Breaking the Cycle
Education and skills which enable a more stable income and reliable employment
More Intervention on
Skill Acquisition
Education and Training Intervention
Need
Less intervention
Need
Need
Labor Market Intervention
Poor and Vulnerable Group
Food Nutrition Intervention
Income Generation
Need
Social Welfare & Work
Condition Intervention
Less burden on Social Protection
Safety and Happy
Education, and Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) are keys to a more stable income and reliable employment, and eventually lead to a less burden on social protection scheme!

13. Vocational Training Program Has Been Offered So far!
Short-term Strategies
Training Need Assessment Survey before training
Targeting Most Vulnerable Community and People
Rice Production related knowhow
Post-harvest or cultivation technology
Social Safety Net
Self Employment Micro Credit
Vocational Training Conducted
National Poverty Reduction Fund Training Program
Samdech Techo Prime Minister Special Training Fund Training Program
Voucher Skill Training Program under Post-Harvest Technology and Skills Bridging Project
Community Based or Mobile Training by Provincial Training Institutions, and Provincial Office of MLVT
Center Based Training by Provincial Training Institution
Special Training Program for Indigenous and Vulnerable Group
Other Vocational Training Offer by Various Ministries 13

14. Vocational Training Program Has Been Offered So far!
Long-term Strategy
Semi-skilled and Skilled Worker Training Program by Polytechnics Institutes(9th Grade upward)
Technician and Engineering Program by Polytechnics Institute (12th grade upward)
Introduction of National Qualification Framework
Prior Learning and Competency Based Recognition
Mapping the Targeting Skill that Will Support the Economic Aspiration
On Demand Industrial Training Program
Strengthening and Modernize TVET Institution
Public Private Partnership Program
Labour Market Information Availability 14

15. Vocational Training Program Has Been Offer So far!#
Level of TVET
សរុប
Total
Female
Total Student 1
Bachelor
1,330
259
1,981
458
1,583
269
4,894
986 2
Diploma
2,959
1,048
3,308
842
1,721
253
7,988
2,143 3
1 Year Training
1,214
395
746
342
860 84
2,820
821 4
Short-term Training
117,240
67,394
66,695
37,646
21,892
13,180
205,527
118,220 5
VET by NGOs
45,887
18,791
47,447
19,236
28,803
9,685
122,137
47,712
168,630
87,887
120,177
58,524
54,859
23,471
343,666
169,882 15

16. Thanks for your attention!
Vocational Training Program Has Been Offer So far!
Thanks for your attention! 16