1. Preliminary thoughts/discussion on synthesis of field work information
Unfortunately limited time for data collection and no time for group based analysis
Some examples of how things might link together
Not a proper analysis as so little time spent, few data collected etc.

2. DPSIR

3. 1. State of soil, water & vegetation resources.
2. Identification of direct & indirect drivers and “chains of explanations” identified as causing the condition of/change in the state of soil, vegetation and water resources. Community & land-user information, secondary info
5. Identification of possible responses (SLM, policy or other) to reduce - impacts and/or promote + impacts. From the analysis
Driving Forces
Responses
3. Impacts of condition and changes in state of ecosystem services. Biophysical measurements, land-user information, secondary information
Direct Pressures
Impacts
State
4. Explanation & discussion of how the impacts on Ecosystem Services affect livelihoods; explanation of how these differ for different groups of people Community & land-user information
1. State of soil, water & vegetation resources.
Snap-shot of current state plus an indication of direction & magnitude of change – the dynamics (+, -). Biophysical measurements + land-user information + secondary info.

4. What have we found out over the last two days?

5. 1. State Soil: low potential but can be used for crops if irrigated;
quite variable;
historically degraded as vegetation lost but is it undergoing degradation now?
Limited direct importance under current land-use
With plans to grow vegetables etc. soil, its management and degradation will be more important

6. 1. State continued … Vegetation:
View that it is degraded and degrading.
We didn’t collect compelling evidence on this in the available time.
Land-users claim tree size is increasing and mixed opinions on whether goats etc. are damaging the vegetation.
Important to look specifically for young trees

7. 1. State continued … Water:
Lack of water in the Mendoza (see next slide);
water from San Juan river increasing in volume but biologically polluted with city effluent.
Strong historical perspective
railroad,
charcoal,
declining population

8. Drivers & Pressures Possible responses
Inequitable water allocation policy. It
Ignores downstream impacts, favours
Relatively wealthy urban farmers
Advocacy, improving
Rights, equitable access
to resources
There has been a strong drought recently
And all available water in the Mendoza river
Is allocated to the city irrigation schemes
Discuss water allocation
Policy in Mza; are
down-stream effects fully
considered?
Goat farming taken up as selling
Manure is quite profitable and few other
Options
Explore alternatives,
look at profitability of
Alternatives …..irrigated
Prod., off-farm …
Overgrazing/overstocking of goats
On common property land
Encourage stock
reductions
Land degradation (vegetation)

9. Livelihoods characteristics & impacts
Heterogeneity exists … important to understand for targeted support
Vulnerability … what causes this?
10 year drought (recent recovery)
unequal access rights to resources (water, forest)
Pollution in river – import drinking water
Rural-urban migration
Etc.

10. …. Livelihoods characteristics & impacts
Important policies (formal/informal)
Water allocation, forest access & utilization
Service provision
Key capital assets…
Natural: goats, sheep, grass, access to wet-lands (grazing, grass for cutting).
Human: labour, knowledge, education
Social: partnerships, groupings, cooperatives, family and cultural networks
Financial: credit
Physical: pumps, cars, road access to market etc.

11. Impacts of land degradation (LD) and or sustainable land management (SLM) on ecosystem services ……..

12. - - - + ? Ecosystem Services Indicator LD impact Production services
Livestock production
Numbers of sheep and goats owned, sold, eaten -
Wood and non- wood forest products
Standing biomass, harvested timber and other products
Freshwater
Volume of/access to usable water
- -
Regulating services
CO2 sequestration
Increases/decreases in above ground biomass and below ground soil organic matter +
Erosion regulation/soil protection
Reduced severity and extent of erosion on productive lands
Water infiltration and groundwater recharge
Maintained depth to groundwater
Reduced runoff and maintained water bodies- lakes, wetlands
Maintained river flow
Supporting services
Habitat provision
Area of suitable habitat for given species
Cultural services
Recreation and amenity
Ecotourism/ recreational opportunities provided ?

13. Drivers & Pressures Possible responses
Inequitable water allocation policy. It
Ignores downstream impacts, favours
Relatively wealthy urban farmers
Advocacy, improving
Rights, equitable access
to resources
There has been a strong drought recently
And all available water in the Mendoza river
Is allocated to the city irrigation schemes
Discuss water allocation
Policy in Mza; are
down-stream effects fully
considered?
Goat farming taken up as selling
Manure is quite profitable and few other
Options
Explore alternatives,
look at profitability of
Alternatives …..irrigated
Prod., off-farm …
Overgrazing/overstocking of goats
On common property land
Encourage stock
reductions
Land degradation (vegetation)

14. Final thoughts
The LADA-L tools cannot replace the more detailed biophysical monitoring programmes in Argentina but could complement them in a number of ways
The broad perspective, focus on integration and understanding Drivers, Impacts & Responses could be useful here