1. Primary Industries the collecting of natural resources F. Ciangura

2. Contents Types of primary industries, their raw materials and problems they cause Agriculture Types of farming Hedges and rubble walls Questions F. Ciangura

3. Types of primary industries 1. Forest workers: These cut down trees – so wood is the raw material they use F. Ciangura

5. Unfortunately, too many trees are being cut!! This leads to deforestation F. Ciangura

6. Types of primary industries 2. Quarrying is another type of primary industry. Here rocks are cut out of the land. These rocks are then used for building and concrete F. Ciangura

7. Quarrying spoils the environment… it leaves large holes in the ground!! These are called eye-sores. F. Ciangura

9. 3. Drilling for oil is another type of primary industry. This raw material is used to make fuel such as petrol and diesel. This pollutes the air with smoke from refineries… Types of primary industries F. Ciangura

10. … and the sea due to oil spills. F. Ciangura

11. Agriculture/ Farming This is another type of primary industry because farmers work in nature to grow crops (vegetables/fruits) and animals. So, can you say which are the raw materials in farming? F. Ciangura

12. There are three types of farming: A) Arable B) Pastoral D) Mixed F. Ciangura

13. Arable Farming The growing of crops (fruit and vegetables) F. Ciangura

15. Pastoral Farming When land is left under grass for the grazing of animals. F. Ciangura

17. Mixed farming When crops and animals are found in the same area. F. Ciangura

18. Subsistence farming Farmer grows only enough food for themselves and their family They do not sell it – so, they remain poor!! F. Ciangura

20. Market gardening Farmers invest a lot of money to buy expensive machinery and fertilizers. A lot of crops (fruit + vegetables) are grown F. Ciangura

21. These are sold … and a lot of profit is made F. Ciangura

22. Intensive farming Small farms Labour intensive (need a lot of work & workers) Capital intensive (need a lot of money to buy machinery, fertilizers…) Produce: flowers, tomatoes, potatoes… F. Ciangura

23. Extensive farming Large farms Few workers Less money is invested in farm Produce: hay, sheep, cattle… F. Ciangura

24. Hedges & Rubble walls HEDGES are used as a boundary to the fields They stop animals from escaping But they are expensive to maintain… and large tractors cannot be used. F. Ciangura

25. In Malta, RUBBLE WALLS are used to divide fields. These form a habitat (home) for small animals They protect the soil from being carried away by wind and rain – avoid soil erosion.

26. ANSWER THESE: F. Ciangura

27. 1. What are primary industries ? 2. What are raw materials? F. Ciangura

28. 4. What are the three types of agriculture? 3. Mention 4 types of primary industries and their raw material. F. Ciangura

29. 5. What is subsistence farming? 6. What is market gardening? F. Ciangura

30. 7. What are extensive farms? 8. What are intensive farms? F. Ciangura

31. 9. Why are rubble walls used in Malta? F. Ciangura