1. “National Integration and communal harmony”
Theme: Role of youth in promoting communal harmony
Presented on 26th Nov, 2016 at NK College at Malad
Presentation by
Prin. Dr Snehal S Donde
Shri Halari Visa Oswal College Bhiwandi

2. Keywords: National Integration, Casteism, Communalism, Extremism, Regionalism
Education has to play a major role in inculcating the values of solidarity, integrity, knowledge about literature and culture through moral science, spiritual/secular education and value education.
Lacking in these values, are resorting to petty conflicts in/outside the school/college premises and sometimes these quarrels take a violent form by harming one another.
Communal riots-It strikes at the root of democracy, secularism and national integration

3. Constitution Day
Also known as Samvidhan Divas, is celebrated in India in honour of Dr. B R Ambedkar, known as the architect of the Indian constitution.
The Government of India declared 26 November as Constitution Day as Enact and it went into effect on 26 January 1950
The Government of India declared 26 November as Constitution Day on 19 November 2015 by a gazette notification. The Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi ji made the declaration on 11 October 2015 on the occasion of laying the foundation stone of the Ambedkar memorial in Mumbai as it is the 125th birth anniversary
Dr. Ambedkar, who had chaired the drafting committee of the Constituent Assembly and played a pivotal role in the drafting of the constitution.
Previously this day was celebrated as Law Day.
26 November was chosen to spread the importance of the constitution and to spread thoughts and ideas of Dr. Ambedkar

4. Constituent Assembly on 26th Nov, 1949 adopt, enact and give this Constitution
The Preamble of the Constitution of India states: We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic and to secure to all its citizens: Justice- social, economic and political; Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; Equality of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation.
With the inclusion of the word ‘integriy’ in the Preamble of the Constitution by 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, Indian nation stressed upon the dire need of the integration of the masses.
In addition to this certain fundamental duties had been incorporated in Part IVA Article-51A.

5. Fundamental Rights & Duties
But the rights have real meaning only if individuals perform duties.
A duty is something that someone is expected or required to do. Parents, for example, have a duty to take care of their child. You have duties towards your parents. A teacher has a duty to educate students.
Rights are what we want others to do for us whereas the duties are those acts which we should perform for others.
rights are claims that are essential for the existence and development of individuals
Life can become smoother if rights and duties go hand in hand and become complementary to each other.

6. Fundamental Duties listed in Indian Constitution
1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag, National Anthem; 2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; 3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; 4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do; 5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; 6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; 7. To protect and improve the natural environments including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife; 8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; 9. To safeguard public property and not to use violence; and 10. to serve towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity. a new duty has been added after Right to Education Act, parent to provide opportunities for the education of his child between 6-14 age

7. Fundamental rights of indian constitution.
Rights are defined as claims of an individual that are essential for the development of his or her own self and that are recognized by society or State.
Rights are rules of interaction between people. They place constraints and obligations upon the actions of the state and individuals or groups.
These are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom
DEFINITION Fundamental Rights are essential human rights that are offered to every citizen irrespective of caste, race, creed, place of birth, religion or gender. These are equal to freedoms and these rights are essential for personal good and the society at large.
The Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights to Indian citizens as follows: (i) right to equality, (ii) right to freedom, (iii) right against exploitation, (iv) right to freedom of religion, (v) cultural and educational rights, and (vi) right to constitutional remedies.

8. Originally, there were seven Fundamental Rights in the Constitution, besides the above mentioned six rights,
There was the Right to Property also. Since this Right created a lot of problems in the way of attaining the goal of socialism and equitable distribution of wealth, it was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights in 1978 by 44th constitutional amendment.
However, its deletion does not mean that we do not have the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property.
Citizens are still free to enjoy this right. But now it is just a legal right and not a Fundamental Right.

9. Definition of Integrity
Meaning of ‘integrity’ is the state of being whole and undivided: upholding territorial integrity and national sovereignty.
Indian nation is composed of the people by many religious and cultural beliefs but are unified by certain emotional forces. This is the process of national integration.
The main objective of national integration is to encounter all fissiparous forces/tendencies, which is posing threat to the Indian nation.

10. National integration: A complex concept
It has social, political, religious, regional and economic dimensions.
Ideological unity and awareness about 'national objectives‘ should be created among the people who hold divergent views on political and religious and similar other fields.
National integration is the creation of a feeling of oneness where the diversities are recognized and respected by imbibing a sense of nationhood.
India observes 19th November, the birthday of former Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, as National Integration Day- Its main aim is to promote among the peoples unity, peace, affection and brotherhood.

11. Toward National Integration
In the words of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru ‘the Indian state is based on the principle of unity in diversity’.
The American born, sister Nivedita ( ) the ardent disciple of Swami Vivekananda had aptly said, "Each Indian for ten minutes in the evening should think that we Indians are one and we will not renounce the spirit of unity.“
National integration refers to ‘a sense of territorial nationality which overshadows or eliminates subordinate parochial loyalties’.
For national integration to occur in a nation, a significant number of citizens must develop identification with the nation that supersede identification with ethnic, cultural or religious group, acquire political awareness, share common norms and values and develop attitudes favorable to the display of integrative behaviour among people of different groups.

12. Challenges In The Way Of National Integration
1. Variation in Language: The most formidable obstacles are language variation, communalism and regionalism.
The Indian constitution recognizes 22 languages. Hindi is the official language and English is the link language. About 2000 languages are being spoken by various sections of the Indian society.
2.Communalism: religious fanaticism arises- Excessive affinity to one's own religion transforms into hatred towards other religions.
When religion, caste and race are used to make social and political gains, it is called communalism. Eg partition
3. Politics of caste 4. Regionalism 5.Extremism

13. Secularism
One of the objectives declared in the Preamble is “to secure to all its citizens liberty of belief, faith and worship”. Since India is a multi-religion country, where Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians and many other communities live together, the Constitution declares India as a ‘secular state’. It means that Indian State has no religion of its own. But it allows full freedom to all the citizens to have faith in any religion and to worship, the way they like.
Secularism is not a political ideology. It is a social and cultural philosophy of live and let live, and the non-interference of the State in the personal faith of an individual.

14. Right to Equality- for communal harmony
Right to equality is very important in a society like ours.
The purpose of this right is to establish the rule of law where all the citizens should be treated equal before SOCIAL SCIENCE MODULE - 3 Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties Democracy at Work 28 Notes the law.
It has five provisions (Articles 14-18) to provide for equality before law or for the protection of law to all the persons in India and also to prohibit discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
Equality before Law: The Constitution guarantees that all citizens will be equal before law. It means that everyone will be equally protected by the laws of the country. No person is above law. It means that if two persons commit the same crime, both of them will get the same punishment without any discrimination.

15. No Discrimination on the basis of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth: The State cannot discriminate against a citizen on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
This is necessary to bring about social equality. Every citizen of India has equal access to shops, restaurants, places of public entertainment or in the use of wells, tanks or roads without any discrimination.
However, the State can make special provisions or concessions for women and children.
Equality of Opportunity to all Citizens in matter of Public Employment: The State cannot discriminate against anyone in the matter of public employment. All citizens can apply and become employees of the State. Merits and qualifications will be the basis of employment. However, there are some exceptions to this right. There is a special provision for the reservation of posts for citizens belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes (OBCs)

16. Abolition of Untouchability: Practising untouchability in any form has been made a punishable offence under the law. This provision is an effort to uplift the social status of millions of Indians who had been looked down upon and MODULE - 3 Democracy at Work 29 Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties SOCIAL SCIENCE Notes kept at a distance because of either their caste or the nature of their profession
But, it is really very unfortunate that despite constitutional provisions, this social evil continues even today
Abolition of Titles: All the British titles like Sir (Knighthood) or Rai Bahadur which were given to the British loyalists during the British rule, have been abolished because they created distinctions of artificial nature. However, the President of India can confer civil and military awards to those who have rendered meritorious service to the nation in different fields. The civil awards such as Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padam Bhushan and Padma Shri and the military awards like Veer Chakra, Paramveer Chakra, Ashok Chakra are conferred.

17. Constitution has authorized the State to impose certain reasonable restrictions
Restrictions may be put on the Right to Freedom of speech and expression in the interests of the sovereignty, integrity and security of India, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.
2. Right to assemble peacefully and without arms may be restricted in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India or public order.
3. Right to form associations or unions may have restrictions in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, public order or morality.
4. Right to move freely throughout the territory of India and to reside and settle in any part of India may also be restricted in the interest of the general public or for the protection of the interests of any Scheduled Tribe.
5. Right to practise any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business may have restrictions in the interests of the general public. The State is also permitted to lay down the professional or technical qualifications necessary for practising any profession or carrying on any occupation, trade or business.

18. Role of Education in National Integration and Communal Harmony
Education - having the capacity to lift mind to transcendental heights, above the humdrum of narrow self-perception of everyday life.
This has indeed been the central message of the evolving educational policy of India that has opted for herself a uniform system of school education that emphasizes on the need to sensitize the country's young through the knowledge of our common cultural heritage.
If anything, there is a greater need of its augmentation, which can propel the country's future citizens to work for enduring peace and harmony with reassurance.

19. Conclusion
There cannot be national integration without understanding the character of the nation and there cannot be communal harmony unless we intrinsically believe in the validity of different beliefs and approaches.
It is beyond doubt that the threats of disintegration are staring us in the face.
Avoid remaining disunited in the name of religion, community or language, the country will be in trouble.
Socio-economic and cultural differences are to be avoided
Caste discriminations should be eradicated.
There is urgent need to rethink about our basic political and cultural concepts, reinterpret them, and be bold to emphasize them through educational system, political behaviour and social environment.
Hold back personal differences for the sake of higher interest of the country. Toleration, co-operation and feeling of brotherhood should guide us in maintaining the national unity of our country.

20. Why need to recall
Meaning of rights and duties and critically evaluate their need and importance in our day to day life;
Assess the importance of Fundamental Rights given in the Constitution of India and analyse their exceptions and restrictions
Need to appreciate the implications of recently added Right to Education
compare between Fundamental Rights and Human Rights
The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted Human Rights in 1948 and enshrined them in Universal Declaration of Human Rights about which you will study later.
Some of the Human Rights are: Equality before Law, Freedom from Discrimination, Right to Life, Liberty and Personal Security, Right to Free Movement, Right to Education, Right to Marriage and Family, Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion, Right to Peaceful Assembly and Association and Right to Participate in the Cultural Life of the Community.
Appreciate the importance of Fundamental Duties and the need to perform them as a good and law-abiding citizen of India.

21. THANK YOU ALL FOR RAPT ATTENTION