1. AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Period 3
APUSH

2. Salutary Neglect/Benign (B9) Neglect
British absenteeism
Distance between England and America
Political turmoil and relative peace
Colonies virtually on their own
Developed unique economies based on region
Self-government
Still considered themselves as British subjects entitled to same rights and privileges

3. Britain Exerts More Control
Navigation Acts strengthened
Increased concept of mercantilism
Vice-admiralty courts
Merchant courts, juryless, “corrupt judges”
Board of Trade
Develop mercantilist policies over colonies
Molasses Act (1733)
Tax on non-British import of sugar

5. Boston Massacre March 5, 1770
BOSTON MASSACRE IS TO _________ AS
________________ IS TO ___________
Relating factor: ____________________
American Revolution
Several colonists threw rocks and snowballs at British troops in Boston. The soldiers fired, leaving five colonists dead. The victims were seen as martyrs.
The events of the incident were exaggerated for propaganda purposes.

6. French and Indian War (1754-1763)
England vs. France
Most Natives allied with French
Increased British troop activity in America
Colonists contributed to effort
Albany Plan of Union (1754)
Benjamin Franklin
Results/Consequences
British victory
Acquisition of French Canada and land east of Mississippi
War debt
72M pounds (1755)
129M pounds (1764)
British believed more control necessary
Colonial pride

8. Avoid conflicts Proclamation of 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)
Extensive Native alliance to deter colonists
Purpose
Avoid conflicts
Colonial Reaction
Denial of land

9. Who SAID THIS?
It is important for us, my brothers, that we exterminate from our lands this nation which seeks only to destroy us. You see as well as I do that we can no longer supply our needs, as we have done from our brothers, the French. The English sell us goods twice as dear as the French do, and their goods do not last. Scarcely have we bought a blanket or something else to cover ourselves with before we must think of getting another; and when we wish to set out for our winter camp they do not want to give us any credit as our brothers the French do.

10. How are the ___ treated by the french? By the English?
When I go to see the English commander and say to him that some of our comrades are dead, instead of bewailing their death, as our French brothers do, he laughs at me and at you. If I ask for anything for our sick, he refuses with the reply that he has no use for us. From all this you can well see that they are seeking our ruin. Therefore, my brothers, we must all swear their destruction and wait no longer. Nothing prevents us:
They are few in numbers, and we can accomplish it.
How are the ___ treated by the french? By the English?

11. Based on this speech, do you think Pontiac is pleased with the outcome of the French and Indian War? Why? Prove with evidence
All the nations who are our brothers attack them – why should we not strike too? Are we not men like them? Have I now shown you the wampum belts [beaded belts symbolizing an agreement or treaty] which I received from our great father, the Frenchman [King Louis XV]? He tells us to strike them. Why do we not listen to his words? What do we fear? It is time.
Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa tribe addressing a gathering of Ottawa, Huron, and Potawatomie Indians, May 5, 1763

13. Preliminary Rebellions
Paxton Boys (1764)
Pennsylvania Scots-Irish upset with Quaker government and toleration of natives
Massacred many
Regulators ( )
NC frontiersmen upset with eastern corruption

14. The Enlightenment Voltaire Montesquieu Rousseau Individual liberties
Philosophes
Voltaire
Individual liberties
Freedom of expression
Montesquieu
Separation of powers
Rousseau
Social Contract
General welfare
Wollstonecraft
The Age of REASON
Laws of Nature applied to society
Deism
“the clockmaker”
Absent of human affairs
Inspired by John Locke
Second Treatise on Government

15. British Prime Ministers
Believed colonies
should foot the
bill for wars and
defense
Encouraged unrestricted
development of colonies
Robert Walpole
George Grenville
Charles Townshend
Chancellor of Exchequer
Enforced Parliament’s
power but defended
colonies and desire
for representation
Supported taxation
of the colonies and
ran Parliament
during Revolution
William Pitt
Frederick North

16. Timeline of Parliamentary Acts
Sugar Act of 1764
Revenue $$$$ tax
Quartering Act of 1765
Stamp Act of 1765
First direct tax
Declaratory Act of 1766
Parliament’s right to tax whatsoever
Townshend Acts of 1767
Pay royal colonial officials
Writs of assistance

17. Timeline of Parliamentary Acts (draw a timeline)
Sugar Act of 1764
Revenue tax
Quartering Act of 1765
Stamp Act of 1765
First direct tax
Declaratory Act of 1766
Parliament’s right to tax whatsoever
Townshend Acts of 1767
Pay royal colonial officials
Writs of assistance
Tea Act of 1773
Support British East India Company
“Intolerable Acts”
Coercive Acts of 1774
Massachusetts Government Act (royal appointments)
Port Act (Boston closed)
Administration of Justice Act (trial of royal officials moved)
Quebec Act of 1774
Appointed government; Catholicism recognized
Prohibitory Act of 1775
Colonies in open rebellion

18. Parliamentary Acts The Sugar Act (1764)
Purpose
Increased regulation of colonial trade
Raise revenue for war debt
Lowered tax rate
Sugar, spices, lumber
Vice-admiralty courts
Colonial Reaction
Colonial merchants and shippers
Boycotts
Repealed in 1766

19. HIPPO This
“The Bostonians paying the excise- man, or tarring and feathering,” Philip Dawe [?], 1774 . This tinted engraving depicts the tarring and feathering of John Malcolm, a Commissioner of Customs, by the Sons of Liberty a little less than a decade after the Stamp Act protests. It also appeared in other versions
The image had multiple meanings for contemporaries. The read it as a larger message, but also took note of the specific symbols and phrases contained within the image.   These symbols and phrases connected to ideas and events that took place during the protests that lead up to the moment of Malcolm's punishment.  
“Upon the whole, I will beg leave to tell the House what is really my opinion. It is, that the Stamp Act be repealed absolutely, totally, and immediately; that the reason for the repeal should be assigned, because it was founded on an erroneous principle. At the same time, let the sovereign authority of this country over the colonies be asserted in as strong terms as can be devised, and be made to extend every point of legislation whatsoever: that we may bind their trade, confine their manufactures, and exercise every power whatsoever - except that of taking money out of their pockets without their consent.”
From William Pitt's Speech to Parliament on Repeal of the Stamp Act

20. The noose might be a general threat or a symbol that represented the popular use of effigies in protests.
THE LIBERTY TREE
Although it is unclear in this image, the poster, which hangs upside down, says “STAMP ACT.” Hanging the sign upside down may indicate surrender on the part of the British, since there is a tradition that flags are hung upside down to signal surrender.
This outfit identifies the participant as a sailor. The leather apron on the man next to him identifies him as an artisan. Why were they involved?
The liquid used would be distasteful and likely to promote vomiting—possibly vinegar.
The official's costume is the result of TARRING AND FEATHERING. It was a painful and dangerous practice that covered the subject with hot tar, rolled him in chicken feathers, and subjected him to public ridicule.
BOSTON TEA PARTY
Liberty cap on a pole, a symbol of the American Revolution and the SONS OF LIBERTY.

21. Parliamentary Acts Stamp Act (1765)
Purpose
First direct tax
Generate revenue for troops in America
Colonial Reaction
“No taxation without representation.” - James Otis
Stamp Act Congress
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
Committees of Correspondence

22. James otis—writs of assistance
A man’s house is his castle; and whilst he is quiet, he is as well guarded as a prince in his castle. This writ, if it should be declared legal, would totally annihilate this privilege. Custom-house officers may enter our houses when they please; we are commanded to permit their entry. Their menial servants may enter, may break locks, bars, and everything in their way; and whether they break through malice or revenge, no man, no court may inquire
In attendance at court that day was a young attorney, John Adams, who would later cite this moment as the first scene in the first act of resistance to oppressive British policies.
Otis lost the case; the writs of assistance were renewed. However, the matter had been brought to popular attention and few officials in the future were willing to incur public wrath by employing the orders. Otis became an instant celebrity and a month later was elected to a seat in the General Court (legislature). As time passed and the list of American grievances against the Crown grew, Otis played an ever more prominent role in advancing the colonists' interests. In 1764, he headed the Massachusetts committee of correspondence. He also spoke and wrote widely, and won special praise for The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved, in which he made the case against Parliamentary taxation of the colonies. The following year he was a leading figure at the Stamp Act Congress in New York City.
Otis’s open advocacy of American rights grated on many officials' nerves; his election to the speakership of the General Court in 1766, was voided by the governor’s veto. Undeterred, Otis teamed with Samuel Adams to confront the next crisis: enforcement of the Townshend Duties in The firebrand duo drafted a circular letter to enlist the other colonies in planned resistance to the new taxes.
James Otis
In 1769, at the height of his popularity and influence, Otis was pulled from the public stage. He had infuriated a Boston custom-house official with a vicious newspaper attack; the official beat Otis on his head with a cane. For the remainder of his life, Otis was subject to long bouts of mental instability. He was unable to participate in public affairs and spent most of his time wandering through the streets of Boston, enduring the taunts of a populace that had quickly forgotten his contributions. Otis was struck and killed by lightning in May 1783

24. Parliamentary Acts Townshend Acts (1767)
Purpose
Raise revenue for
administration of colonies
Glass, tea, paper, lead, paint
Colonial Reaction (HIPPO)
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania - John Dickinson
“If they may be legally deprived… of the privilege of legislation, why may they not, with equal reason, be deprived of every other privilege? Or why may not every colony be treated in the same manner, when any of them shall dare to deny their assent to any impositions that shall be directed?”
Engraving by Paul Revere, 1768

25. Boston Massacre (1770)

27. Boston Tea Party 1773 BOSTON TEA PARTY IS TO ______ AS
Relating factor: ________________
American Revolution
Event organized by colonists disguised as Mohawk "Indians" to sabotage British support of a British East India Company monopoly; British responded by 1. closing the port of Boston until damages were paid and order was restored; 2. prompted passage of the Intolerable Acts, including the Boston Port Act.

28. Parliamentary Acts Tea Act (1773)
Purpose
Support British East India Company
Reaction
Boston Tea Party

29. Parliamentary Acts “Intolerable” Acts (1774)
Purpose
Boston Port Act
Quartering Act
Administration of Justice Act
Massachusetts Government Act
Quebec Act
Colonial Reaction
Suffolk Resolves
First Continental Congress

30. Which Side Are You On?
Colonies
British Empire/Parliament
Fought and died in wars with Natives and European enemies
Risk life and health in a new environment
Proud and loyal English subjects entitled to rights
Developed economies which benefit the Empire
Familiar with life in colonies more so than in England
God-given liberty
Provide protection from Natives and Europeans
Benefit exceptionally well from success of British Empire with little contribution
Abide by the rule of law
Colonists as second-class citizens
“virtual representation”
Britons pay 2-3 times taxes than colonists

31. Lexington and Concord (April 19, 1775)
Organization of militia (Minutemen) compels Governor Gage to send British soldiers to arrest rebel leaders and confiscate arms
William Dawes and Paul Revere
8 Minutemen die and 1 Redcoat wounded at Lexington
“Shot heard ‘round the world” at Concord ()

32. Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) 1774
INTOLERABLE ACTS ARE TO ___________ AS
________________ IS TO ____________
Relating factor: ____________________
American Revolution
Acts instituted by the British as punishment for the Boston Tea Party; closed Boston Harbor until debt could be repaid,
2. dissolved all town meetings in MA, and 3. appointed British as all government officials.

33. Second Continental Congress
Battles of Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill (June 1775)
British victory costing 1,154 of 2,200
Americans lost 311
Olive Branch Petition (July 1775)
Continental Army and Washington
Prohibitory Act
Declaration of Independence (July 1776)

34. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Pamphlet published in January 1776
Society grows to the point of requiring government with laws and representation
Denounces monarchism and aristocracy
“an island cannot rule a continent”
“America is not English but a mix of peoples”
“distance a problem”
“threat of European wars”
“colonies exploited”

35. Declaration of Independence (1776)
Applies laws of Nature
People’s right to revolution
“self-evident”
“all men are created equal”
Endowed…with certain unalienable rights…life, liberty, pursuit of happiness”
List of grievances against the British Empire, specifically toward George III
WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE IN REGARDS TO AMERICAN SOCIETY?

37. Acts of parliament Navigation, stamp, intolerable, townsend, declaratory French & indian War Taxation w/o Representation Perversity of KINg Colonial Events Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Committees of Correspondence

38. America vs. Great Britain
American Advantages/Tactics
Militia’s guerilla tactics
Familiar with the territory and environment
Prolong the war
Hope for support from Britain’s enemies (France, Spain)
American Disadv.
No well-trained regular army or officers
Insufficient funds and supplies
Small support among population (1/3 loyalists, 1/3 neutral, slaves)
British Advantages/Tactics
11 million Britons to America’s 2.5 million (1/3 slaves or loyalists)
World’s largest navy
Disciplined and experienced army
Support from Loyalists, Natives, and slaves
Entrenched forts and garrisons in America
British Disadvantages
War debt and war fatigue
American privateers (pirates) hounded British ships
Unpopular home support
Spread thin around the world

39. Patriots, Loyalists, Neutrals
Patriots (aka Whigs) supported independence, but may disagree on course of action (war, petition, boycott, etc.)
Advocated independence based on rhetoric and education on rights and liberties
Loyalists (aka Tories) supported Britain
Loyalty to the Crown
Agreed about excess taxes, but against separation
Fear of a possible American victory
Recent British immigrants
Some neutral due to ignorance, apathy, or economic

41. The War
In the South
British plan to capture Southern ports and lands to launch re-invasion of the North
Lord Cornwallis claimed victories, but stalled in the South as Americans refortified
Battle of Yorktown (Aug-Oct )
Washington’s army, Lafayette’s force, and French fleet laid siege to Cornwallis
British surrender led to American victory
In the North
Boston under siege and New York captured in 1776
Battles of Trenton (1776) and Princeton (1777) boosted morale
Gates defeats Burgoyne at Saratoga (Oct )
Valley Forge
In the West
An escalation of Natives vs. Expansionists
Natives lost land
Resentment toward pro-British Natives lingers

44. Treaty of Paris (1783) Brand new and bigger nation… What now?
John Adams, Ben Franklin, John Jay
British recognition of USA
USA granted all lands east of the Mississippi
Natives left out of the treaty
States applying own interests led to British remaining in Northwest forts
Brand new and bigger nation… What now?
Treaty of Paris by Benjamin West

45. Olive Branch Petition 1775
OLIVE BRANCH PETITION IS TO ___ AS
________________ IS TO ____________
Relating factor: ____________________
American Revolution
Last stand by the colonists in effort to settle disputes with the British in a peaceful fashion (if you listen to us we'll listen to you); King scoffed at it and wouldn't even look at the petition

46. A New American Society/Republicanism
Before war, distinction between elites and commoners was visibly evident given the economic success of colonies
Patriotic rhetoric of equality and liberty regained a sense of egalitarianism within the population
Rights and liberties a central core value
Promote the common good
Merit, not inheritance, defined a man
Against corruption
More and more self-made men participate in political leadership
Despite a new perception, the small upper class retained its status as owners of most of America’s wealth

47. Women of the Revolution
Upper-class women promoted cause through correspondence
Participated against Stamp Act and Townshend Acts
Spinning bees
Ran households and estates during husband’s absence
Formed campaigns to promote war and funds
Abigail Adams
“…Remember the Ladies.”

48. Blacks and Slaves of the Revolution
Increased tensions between colonies and Britain inspired slaves to resist
Most slaves sided with British
Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation (1775)
Join to reassert royal authority
500,000 blacks in America
Only 25,000 were free men
Some slaves escaped to freedom in confusion of war
Pose as free men
Escape on British ships or to British territories
Participation as Patriots
Early ban
Armies needed support
Northern states lead to abolish or phase out slavery
Quakers led the charge
Slave imports almost eliminated
New opportunities, same discrimination
Free blacks as second-class citizens
Prince Hall and “return to Africa”
Granted civil rights
Slavery as “necessary evil”

50. Natives of the Revolution
Half of the population from 1754 to wiped out
New land acquisitions led to increased hostilities
Adapted lifestyle by incorporating European goods
Appealed to Congress on recognizing territories; little to no support

51. British Colonists as Long Term Winners

52. Definition (include why the policy was imposed).
British Policy
Definition (include why the policy was imposed).
How did this term impact the relationship between the colonies and the English government prior to the Revolution?
How did the colonists react to the policy?
Salutary Neglect
Navigation Acts
Quartering Act 1763
Stamp Act
Declaratory Act
Townsend Duties
The Tea Act
Proclamation Line of 1763
Intolerable Acts

53. Tom richey review video