1. THIONOL

2. Problem description
Almost all cruds pumped out from oilfields at the Kaspian basin traditionally contains a high level of mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide.
Removal of hydrogen sulfide and ethyl-methyl mercaptans in Iran, as elsewhere in the world, the most widely different variants of the alkaline treatment, in which the formation of large amounts of hardly utilizable highly toxic sulfur-alkaline waste.

3. Problem description Disadvantages of alkaline demercaptanization:
• Formation sulfur-alkaline waste;
• The high level of losses of oil, because when the supply of air to the hydrocarbon blown a significant amount of valuable propane-butane and gasoline fractions, which increases the density of oil and thus reduces the sale price;
• The high level of capital expenditures;
• long period of reaching the project indicators;

4. Problem description
To illustrate the case occurred on 14 September 2006 in Côte D‘Ivoire, where unauthorized overflow of sulfur-alkaline waste in the amount of 581 tonn has led to 9 dead and injured.
In the end, the Dutch oil company "Trafigura" has paid more than 200 million euros in penalties.

5. Recognition
In accordance with the message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the need of transition to "green" technologies, and to ensure the environmental safety of Aktobe region LLP "Kazakhoil Aktobe" FIRST experienced waste-free and alkali-free technology THIONOL.For the test period was prepared and put into the system "Kaztranoil" more than 1.5 million tons of commercial oil.

6. Recognition
In October of a technical meeting was held on the field "Karachaganak" an agreement was signed with
"Karachaganak petroleum operating B. V." on interest and testing technology THIONOL

7. Understanding of the problem
The Department of ecology of the Aktobe region more than 5 years trying to force subsoil users to be responsible for the placement of the resulting sulfur-alkaline waste.
The court Decision suspended the placing of waste on the fields of evaporation, the Department claims for damages are satisfied. LLP "real view" ( polygon ) many times appealed against the actions of the Department of Ecology in the Aktobe specialized inter-district economic court of appeal judicial Board of cassation judicial Board of the Supreme court.All levels of the courts the position of the Department of Ecology confirmed.

8. H2S
SPE "NefteSintez" LLC is a developer and manufacturer of catalysts a series of THIONOL, intended for the treatment of oil distillates, gas, gas condensate and oil from the hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans.
The main advantages of this technology are simplicity of implementation and operation, and relatively low cost of treatment.
The technology based on the use of liquid phase catalyst (reactant) THIONOL and has advantages compared to other technologies such widespread processes such as Merox (UOP), Mericat (Merichem company) and other sulfide scavengers available on the market.
Reduction of active sulfur compounds is directly performed in hydrocarbon media by catalytic conversion of mercaptan RSH and hydrogen sulfide H2S to disulfides.
Conversion of mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide is performed in presence of THIONOL catalyst directly in hydrocarbon media.
Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan on the THIONOL catalyst takes place in hydrocarbon media directly, and can be set in refinery product ion line, buffer tanks, settlers and storage tanks. Unlike many known processes THIONOL does not require water caustic which allows us to propose caustic free technology of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan removal.
RSH

9. Method of application

10. About THIONOL catalyst
The catalyst is produced in a form of water and oil soluble additive.
The catalyst doesn’t contain toxic and chemically aggressive compounds (caustic, formaldehyde etc.).
The catalyst itself is non-toxic, noncombustible and non-corrosive material.
The catalyst has a freeze point -40 С.
The catalyst doesn’t effect on crude oil characteristics.
Reactions of reduction of mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide are irreversible.
Average consumption of catalyst is around 1 ppm of catalyst per 1-2 ppm of mercaptan sulfur.

11. Advantages of technology THIONOL
Our technology is easy-to-implement and cost effective technology without need of high investments.
There is no need to change parameters of production line (temperature, pressure etc.).
Technology in some cases does not require air for oxidation, which eliminates problem of burning spent air with SO2 pollution (acidic rains)
Technology is waste free, there is no problems with disposal.
Unlike caustic wash our technology is able to reduce general level of mercaptan in particular heavy weight mercaptan C5>. Treatment can be done according to customer requirements and for any grade of purification.

12. Hydrogen Sulfide Scavenger THIONOL For Water Treatment
Often in the fields in the process of earth layers pressure maintenance using water injection in the bottomhole formation zone. In many cases, the oil recovery falls rapidly.
The reason for the clogging layer is iron, which has the ability when interacting with hydrogen sulfide to highlight the flakes of 1 to 3 mm. concentrated in the capillaries and pores of the oil zone of the layer.
With long-term injection of solution into the bottomhole zone of oil recovery prematurely drops due to the accumulation of iron sulfide in the capillaries and pores of the oil zone of the layer.
The solution is the removal of hydrogen sulfide from water reagent THIONOL to a value of less than 2 ppm, thus:
∙ eliminated cause of the formation of sulphide flakes;
∙ reduced formation of sulfide slick on boundary "oil-water" and therefore reduces the cost of demulsifiers.
Problems of oil recovery, increase in trouble free time of operation, reducing the cost of demulsifiers and corrosion inhibitors, all of these can be achieved with the use of hydrogen sulfide scavenger - bactericide sulfide reproduction bacteria THIONOL.
THIONOL consumption is very low and is about 1: 1. THIONOL does not contain heavy metals can be used at any pH. Soluble in water and in oil. The reaction products are water-soluble sulphates.

13. The need to ban scavengers based on formaldehyde (triazine)
Hydrogen Sulfide Removal From Crude Oil And Oil Products
The problem of eliminating of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in the crude oil and petroleum products in recent years is
getting increasingly acute.
There are a few approaches to hydrogen sulfide removal:
removal of hydrogen sulfide in stripping column,
catalytic oxidative methods by atmospheric oxygen in presence of cobalt catalyst and ammonia,
scavengers treatment (triazine, formaldehyde).
A key disadvantage of the first two methods is quite high loss of oil in form of hydrocarbon vapor blown away with hydrogen sulfide, which affects quality of the oil.
The disadvantages of the most commonly used scavengers are in their content – most of them are formaldehyde (triazine) based composition - a chemical that is toxic and carcinogenic.
The need to ban scavengers based on formaldehyde (triazine)
Product of reaction of hydrogen sulfide formaldehyde are organosulfur compounds, which are not naturally occur in crude oil. These compounds are not removed during the preparation of oil at oil field and in refinery distillation column. During distillation, reaction products of formaldehyde with hydrogen sulfide undergoing thermal decomposition to form active volatile sulfur compounds (including recombinant mercaptans) which leads to problems in the processing of crude oil.
It is also worth to note that use of hydrogen sulfide scavengers based on derivatives of formaldehyde leads to an unpleasant smell during preparation of oil before transportation.

14. Traditional Scavenger
Our Technology (Thionol)
Our company offer a scavenger-catalyst Thionol for binding hydrogen sulfide with the procedure, which does not require special equipment. Thionol does not contain the triazine and formaldehyde. THIONOL is appeared as a water and oil - soluble liquid additive.
Use of the THIONOL is waste-free and environmentally friendly.
THIONOL found its application both in refineries and in the oil fields of Russia and Kazakhstan.
Traditional Scavenger
THIONOL
Method Of Application
Dosing Into Flow
Rate Of Dosage
(Chemical ppm / H2S ppm)
3/1
1/1
Harmful Contaminant
Formaldehyde/ triazine No
Air Pollution
Gel Formation In Pipeline
Yes
Static Mixer
Fuel For Treatment
Diagram of THIONOL treatment
Storage Tank
THIONOL

15. Technologies comparison Table.
Method Of Treatment
Formalfehyde Based Reagents
Triazine Based Reagents
Conventional Caustic Treatment (Merox, DMS, Merichem etc)
Physical methods of treatment (blow-off by clean natural gas, desorption steam stripping, fractionating the light naphtha with subsequent caustic treattment and so on)
THIONOL
Health Hazard (Carcinogen)
Yes No
Health Hazard Of Direct Conact
Insoluble Product Of Reactions. Deposits In Pipelines And Reservoirs.
Hydrogen Sulfide
In Crude Oil
Applicable
In Petroleum Associated Gas
Not Applicable
Limited Efficiency
In Water (Effluent Brine, Oilfield Waters, Sewage Waste Water
Mercaptan
Poor Efficiency
Capex
Low Cost. Conventional Dosing Equipment .
High Cost. Erection Of Special Facilities Is Needed.
Liquid Waste
Difficult to dispose wastes.
wastes.
Other Problems
Malodorous Smell Of Treated Oil. Deposits Formation In Pipelines, Reservoirs, Distillation Column In Refinery
Special Facilities For Spent Caustic Disposal Are Needed
Erection Of Gas Purification Plant Is Needed.

16. Thank you for your attention!
SPE «NefteSintez» LLC (manufacturer)
Of , b. 42, Leninsky prospect, Moscow, Russia, post code
+007 (495)
Thrust Automation LLC
AlQuoz Industrial Area1, UAE P. O. Box , Dubai
CORROSION SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY CO. (CST)
Unit 706, 7th Floor, Palladium Mall, Moqaddas Ardebili Ave., Tehran Iran