1. Before Class…
Take out your Schedules of Reinforcement worksheet from Friday
Pick up the paper from the cart

2. Cognitive Factors

3. Cognitive Factors in Learning
Cognitive Psychologists
Behaviorists
See learned behaviors as purposeful
Study what people/animals know because of learning
People can learn by thinking or watching other
See learned behaviors as mechanical
Only focused on what people/animals do

4. Latent Learning Learning that remains hidden until it is needed
Example:
If you are in a car going to school with a friend every day, but your friend is driving all the time, you may learn the way to get to school, but have no reason to demonstrate this knowledge.
When you friend gets sick one day and you have to drive yourself for the first time, if you can get to school following the same route you would go if your friend was driving, then you have demonstrated latent learning.

5. E.C. Tolman Conducted experiments with rats in mazes
Rats learned the layouts of the mazes even without being reinforced for their learning
(adding reinforcement increased their efficiency however)

6. E.C. Tolman
Rats did not show their knowledge of the mazes until they were rewarded for finding the end
They had the knowledge, but had no reason to use/show it until a reward was given
LL definition
Learning that remains hidden until it is needed

7. Observational Learning
Learning knowledge or skills by observing and imitating others
Albert Bandura founder
Violent video games, movies, etc.

8. Modeling A form of imitation
Observing a behavior and later reproducing it

9. Vicarious Reinforcement
Behavior is reinforced indirectly through observing others experiences

10. Effects of media violence on children
Model aggressive skills
A positive correlation exists between watching/playing violent media and resolving personal conflicts with violence
Desensitization
Less likely to help victims

11. Teaching techniques involving observational learning
Extinction
Time out
Token economies
Personal contracts

12. Extinction of behaviors
Ignoring a child until their negative, attention seeking behavior ends
More likely to be effective for younger students because they seek teacher approval/attention, while older students seek attention/approval from peers

13. Time out
Isolation makes it so that students can no longer receive reinforcement or attention from peers or their environment
ISS

14. Token Economies
People are paid for good behavior and they use the tokens to buy rewards
Jimmy Joules
Mole bucks

15. Personal Contracts Identify behavior you want to change
Set a goal for your new behavior
Create a system of rewards and punishments for yourself
Implement this new system
Could you do it? Why or why not?