1. Excretory System

2. Dialysis Patient Symptoms Blood pressure abnormally high 190/110 mmHg
Tired, headache, nausea
Decrease in urine output
Blood test showed high levels of creatine
Treatment
Dyalysis 3 times a week
3-4 hours each time
Change his diet to reduce the amount of salt intake
Kidney transplant

3. Blood Components
RBC’s (Erythrocytes) – transport Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Plasma – transports Nutrients and Waste WBC’s – immune cells Platelets – helps heal cuts

4. Important Points
Excretory system: eliminates nonsolid wastes through exhalation, sweat, and urine
Main parts:
Lungs
Skin
Urinary System

5. Lungs Removes excess (extra) carbon dioxide from the blood
We then breathe it out
Keeps a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in our body

6. Skin Sweat glands release excess water and salt through skin pores
Sweat also cools the body to maintain homeostasis

7. Kidney Removes waste from the blood, “cleans” the blood
Controls the amount of water content in the blood
Maintains a balanced pH in the blood
3 Step Process: Filtration, Reabsorption, Excretion

8. Nephron

9. Filtration, Reabsorption, Excretion

10. Filtration, Reabsorption, Excretion
Blood enters kidney through renal artery. Blood then enters through a network of capillaries known as the glomerulus of each nephron.
Filtration

11. Filtration, Reabsorption, Excretion
During Reapsorption the materials in the filtrate that the body needs are reabsorbed into the bloodstream. Reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and ions involve active transport from the filtrate back to the blood. The amount of water reabsorbed depends on the amount of water in the blood. If the amount of water in the blood is low, water is quickly reabsorbed. If water is not low it stays in the filtrate. What are some instances when water would be low in the blood?
Reabsorption

12. Filtration, Reabsorption, Excretion
During excretion the non- reabsorbed filtrate is now called urine and it continues to move within the nephron in the collecting duct.
Excretion

13. Excretory (Urinary) System
Kidneys: filters that take the waste out of the blood and make urine
Ureters: tubes that carry the urine to the bladder
Bladder: a bag that collects urine
Urethra: a tube that carries the urine out of the body

14. Homeostasis
The circulatory, respiratory and excretory system all work together to maintain homeostasis in the body. They are responsible for the distribution of oxygen and nutrients to the body and the removal of carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the body. They seem to work automatically, however they are all under the control of the nervous system.

16. Renal Artery: Blood enters the kidneys here
Glomerulus: capillary network, main FILTER of the nephron. High pressure causes materials to diffuse out of the blood here. FILTRATION
Loop of Henle: U-shaped tubule surrounded by capillaries, materials in the filtrate that the body needs are diffused back into the blood here. REABSORPTION
Collecting Duct/Tubule: Liquid and waste not absorbed by the blood enter here, called Urine, which contains water, salts, glucose, amino acids, urea, vitamins, and ions. EXCRETION

17. Ureters: tubes that carry the urine to the bladder
Urinary Bladder: a bag that collects the urine
Urethra: a tube that carries the urine out of the body

18. Video

19. The functional unit of the kidney that filters the blood of excess waste products and water is the --.
Nephron
Ureter
Loop of Henle
Collecting tubule
Urine is excreted through a pathway in the following order –
Kidney, ureter, urethra, urinary bladder
Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Ureter, kidney, urinary bladder, urethra
Urethra, ureter, urinary bladder, kidney
2. Filtration, reabsorption, and excretion are three steps that occur in the –
Nephron, glomerulus, ureter
Ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Glomerulus, loop of Henle, collecting tubule
Kidney, heart, lungs

20. Kidney Facts
The kidneys represent only 0.5% of the total weight of the body, but receive 20-25% of the total arterial blood pumped by the heart.
The rate of filtration is approximately 125 ml/min. or 45 gallons (180 liters) per day. Considering you have 7 to 8 liters of blood in your body, this means that your entire blood volume gets filtered approximately times a day.
Each kidney contains over a million nephrons
The right kidney is slightly lower than the left
Each kidney weighs about grams and is about 11.4 cm long and 6 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick.
The first workable artificial kidney was developed during World War II in 1944 by Dr. William Kolff who was living in Holland.
According to the National Kidney Foundation, more than 370,000 Americans are being treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation for kidney failure. Nearly 12 million Americans may be at risk for chronic kidney disease.
The use of a dialysis machine is suggested when a patient’s blood urea nitrogen value exceeds 100 mg/dl (the normal value is 30 mg/dl)

21. Kidney Stones