1. The Reformation on the Continent

2. Problems in the Church
New money came into Italy through trade causing greed in the church

3. Problems in the Church
Popes began living a life of luxury and having illegitimate children

4. Problems in the Church
Church began to sell indulgences to make more money
Indulgences are paid remission for sins – a ticket to get into heaven

5. Problems in the Church
People began to speak out against church corruption
Many were burned at the stake

6. Martin Luther
Luther was upset by the sale of indulgences

7. Martin Luther
Wrote 95 Thesis pointing out all the problems with the Catholic Church
Posted it to the church door for everyone to read October 31, 1517

8. Martin Luther Goal: to reform the church
Result: created a new faith - Lutheran

9. Martin Luther Believed that salvation comes faith
Catholic Church believes that salvation comes from faith and works (sacraments)

10. Martin Luther
Luther was protected by some princes of German states

11. Martin Luther
Luther was excommunicated by the Catholic Church

12. Martin Luther
Luther and the church made an agreement Peace of Augsburg – each German prince would choose the religion for the entire German city-state: Catholic or Lutheran

13. John Calvin
Religious revolutionary from France also disagreed with the Catholic Church

14. John Calvin
Believed in predestination – your fate is already decided by God

15. John Calvin Wanted a pure church
No stained glass, no idols, nothing fancy…
Promoted a strict work ethic

16. Counter Reformation
Catholic Church used the Inquisition to control dissidents
Church officials met at Council of Trent to define church doctrine with only slight reform

17. Religious Wars German City-States
Engaged in a religious war: 30 Years War
Peace of Westphalia ended the war stating that the prince of each German state would decide the state’s religion

18. Religious Wars
France
Catholic-ruled France persecuted Protestants (Huguenots)
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1572
In one week 100,000 Protestants were murdered

20. Religious Wars
France
Edict of Nantes issued 1598 called for religious toleration of Protestants
Louis XIV revoked it in 1685 because of the need for unity for strength

21. Printing Press
John Gutenberg built Europe’s first printing press in 1436
Allowed ideas (such as Reformation) to spread more quickly
More books were printed faster
Increased literacy

22. Christianity in Europe