1. Romans, Medieval Ages, and the Renaissance

2. Roman Art
Sculptures are derived from classical Greek art with Etruscan influences
Use of bronze in sculptures. Many of which are copies of lost marble Greek sculptures
Paintings have depth and realistic details

3. Lancoon and his Sons
Roman sculptures:
fully dress, not nude
Portraits of real people, not of heroic ideals
Less religion, more civic pride
Statue of Augustus

4. - Initiation of a ritual
-The mother cannot cross the line
-A servant reads a scroll
-the young girl brings offering to the gods
Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries

5. Early Medieval Ages: Christian & Byzantium
Often called medieval, middle ages, or dark ages
A time where the Roman empire falls and Christianity rises to power
Religious symbols come into power

6. Christian subterranean symbols, 300-750
“chi rho” from greek ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ" = KRistos = Christ
“Ichytus” fish symbol
Secret underground places to worship and bury loved ones
OBEY Giant street sticker, Shepard Ferry

7. Emperor Justinian and Attendants, 395 AD
Constantinople from becomes the capital of art with the fall of the Roman empire and the rise of Christianity
Religous icons and imperial images
Symbolic and stylized: no individuality of artist (they often didn’t sign their works)

8. Osberg Ship
Viking ship for burial of high ranking females
Decorations show monstrous heads and interlaced patterns
Eventually influences the Romanesque style

9. Book of Kells
-Celtic art
Gospel book (shorter text of bible for missionaries)
- ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPT = decorative details (human head, cats and mice)

10. Late Medieval Period
The Medieval Period in Europe, which lasted roughly from A.D. 500 to A.D. 1400, was characterized by the rise of feudalism and the controlling power of the Catholic Church in people’s lives.

11. Late Medieval Art
Purpose: To teach religion to people who cannot read or write.
Subjects mostly religious
Figures look flat and stiff with little real movement
Important figures are large
Fully clothed, draped in deeply carved, stiff looking clothes
Faces are solemn with little emotion
Paintings use vibrant colors
Backgrounds a single color, often gold, no interest in creating a realistic space

12. Cimabue’s Madonna and Child in Majesty A.D. 1280
Flat colors: blue objects are painted blue, red with red, with no consideration for color of light, linear perspective, atmosphere etc.
Unnatural skin tone.
Baby Jesus proportions are that of an adult

13. Jesus before Calf (Giotto) 1305
Linear perspective!

14. Renaissance Intellectual rebirth, flourishing middle class economics
HUMANISM: pride in contribution to life, not just afterlife. Importance in education in law, rhetoric, and philosophy
Realism: Realistic portrayal of artistic styles. Mastered perspective and anatomy as a means to achieve realism.
Classical: Classical forms and realistic technique
Individualism: Portrays the person as they are in an effort to describe their maximum or true potential
Art as Philosophy: Symbols, structure, posture, color as a means to determine a realistic portrayal of people and places.

15. School of Athens, Raphael, 1509-1511
Famous greek philosophers
Importance of classics and philosophy
Linear perspective

16. Boticelli – Birth of Venus
Figure on the left: representing Florence, power of the Medici’s merchant class that trades in textiles.

17. Mona Lisa, Da Vinci,
Fine art of northern, late Rennaissance: symbolism and details
Dog = fidelity
Clothes = rich merchant class
Mirror = depicts artist, room watched over by the cross (marriage blessed by god)
Slipper = domestic happiness

18. Duchess Battista Sforza, Piero della Francesca
Fine art of northern, late Rennaissance: symbolism and details
Dog = fidelity
Clothes = rich merchant class
Mirror = depicts artist, room watched over by the cross (marriage blessed by god)
Slipper = domestic happiness
Why is the Mona Lisa so famous:
Compared to earlier portraits it looks natural
Subtle expression
Enimatic eyes and smile with use of “sfumato”
¾ view
Atmospheric perspective

19. Garden of Earthly Delights, Hieronymus Bosch, 1500s (p. 159)