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Environmental Science 2014-15
Biomes Environmental Science
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Ecology Ecology-comes from two greek words meaning the “study of home”
Ecology is the study of organisms in their natural habitat Scientists who study ecology are called ecologists.
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The non-living components are known as abiotic.
The living components are known as biotic.
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Ecology is the study of interactions between:
Non-living components in the environment Living organisms Light Water Wind Nutrients in the soil Heat Solar radiation Atmosphere etc. Plants Animals microorganisms
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The earth system can be divided into smaller interrelated systems:
Geosphere: consists of that part of the earth which is rock Hydrosphere: consists of that part of the earth which is water Cryosphere: describes the portions of the earth where the water is frozen into ice. Atmosphere: the gaseous portion of the earth that surrounds the entire planet. Biosphere: includes the mass of all living things livings all around the earth
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Ecology… The science of ecology views each locale as an integrated whole of interdependent parts that function as a unit.
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Biomes…. A biome is a large geographic region determined by the climate and soil type. Each biome has a distinctly different type of plant life. Major biomes include arctic tundra, northern coniferous forest (taiga), temperate deciduous forest, prairie or grassland, desert, tropical savanna, tropical rainforest, and chapparal
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Biomes
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Biomes… The climate of a region refers to its average weather pattern over a long period of time. The amount and pattern of precipitation and the normal range of temperatures describe the climate. The climate affects the soil type, plant life, and characteristic group of animals.
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Biomes Name that biome! Photos by Corel
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Arctic Tundra No trees Low temperatures Permafrost-only surface thaws
Short growing season
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Alpine tundra
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Alpine tundra
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Alpine tundra
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Northern coniferous forest or Taiga
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Taiga Above freezing only 2-4 months Thin acidic soils No permafrost
Coniferous trees
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Taiga
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
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Temperate deciduous forest
Distinct seasons Soil rich in humus (decayed matter) More decomposers
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Temperate Grasslands or Prairie
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Temperate grasslands or prairie
Distinct seasons Hot summers, cold winters Periodic droughts Deep topsoil that is very rich in nutrients
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prairie
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Desert
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Desert Can be cold, temperate, or tropical
Usually great temperature variation between day and night Years of drought Flash floods sandy
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Tropical savanna Cool and hot dry seasons separated by rainy seasons
No cold season Fertile soils Deep layer of topsoil
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Tropical Savanna
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Tropical Rain Forest
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Tropical Rain Forest
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Tropical Rain Forest Tropical Very little variation in temperature
Continuous growing season Heavy rain Thin soils with few nutrients
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Chaparral Hot and dry Mild winters Prone to droughts and fires
Plants are low, drought resistant
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Ecosystems Ecosystem-a group of organisms that live together and interact with each other and their environment. Habitat-the place within an ecosystem where an animal prefers to live. A habitat must meet all of an organisms needs for food, water, living space, and cover. species-similar organisms that breed to produce fertile offspring Population-the total number of a species living in a defined region.
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