1. Dr. Ghufran Mohammed Hussein
Biotechnology
Dr. Ghufran Mohammed Hussein

2. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Three types of RNA:
rRNA = ribosomal RNA - makes up the ribosome
mRNA = messenger RNA - is the message from DNA for the construction of the new protein molecule
tRNA = transfer RNA - carries amino acids to ribosomes

3. Transcription
Transcription is the special copying of one side of the DNA molecule that results in the production of a single strand of RNA (mRNA)
This process can be repeated
The amount of DNA that is transcribed is usually one gene

4. Transcription

5. Translation mRNA is the message (the plan for the protein)
Translation is the reading of the RNA code, by ribosomes, to make proteins or polypeptides
Translation is often called protein synthesis
mRNA is the message (the plan for the protein)
rRNA "reads" the mRNA (the ribosome)
tRNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome for assembly into proteins

7. Biotechnology

8. Biotechnology
-Is the alteration of an organism, its cells or biological molecules (DNA) to achieve specific industrial or medical goals.
-Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms.

9. Genetic Engineering
-Modern biotechnology techniques whose goals are achieved by deleting, adding or replacing genes.

10. Biotechnology is used to:
Produce genetically modify plants and animals by inserting desirable genes from one organism into the DNA of another organism.

11. 2. Produce medicines like insulin and human growth hormone.
Insert the human gene for making these proteins into a bacteria cell and have the bacteria “mass produce” these much needed proteins for us.

12. 3. Solve crimes:
Create a “DNA fingerprint”
-no two people have the exact same DNA code so everyone’s DNA fingerprint is different.
-can be used to link a person to a crime scene.

13. 4. Determine parentage.
-Can use a child’s DNA to link them to who their real parents are.

14. Thank You
Thank You