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A Clash of Values The Roaring 20s
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Presidents Wilson suffered from a stroke in late 1919
He remained secluded from the public until the end of his presidency On the promise for a “return to normalcy”, Warren G. Harding won the election of 1921 Harding died of a sudden fatal heart attack in 1923 and Calvin Coolidge, his vice president, was sworn into office Coolidge was president until 1929 and had the nickname “Silent Cal”
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Harding Coolidge
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Teapot Dome Scandal Albert Bacon Fall Edward Doheny Harry Sinclair
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Nativism and Immigration Policies
Nativism -emphasis on traditional or local customs, in opposition to outside influences. Anti-immigration sentiment
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National Origins Quota and Emergency Quota Act
Emergency Quota Act signed by Harding in 1921 Restricted annual admission to 3% of the population of each ethnic group from the 1910 census National Origins Act passed in 1924 Set quotas at 2% of each national group represented in the U.S. census in 1890 Also included the entire population of a group, not just immigrants
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Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Italian immigrants Anarchists Found guilty of a crime they most likely did not commit Executed
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Return of the Ku Klux Klan
William J. Simmons Pledged to preserve America’s white, Protestant civilization Targeted Catholics, Jews, immigrants, and others 1924 membership was close to 4,000,000 (about 4% of the population) What is this poster trying to convey?
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The Birth of a Nation First true blockbuster movie -1915
About the Civil War and Reconstruction Glorified the Ku Klux Klan Was very popular for many, very controversial for others Was screen in the White House under Wilson
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Clash of Cultures Women gained the right to vote in 1920
Took jobs to gain fiscal independence New ideas of romance and marriage Fashion changed “New Morality”
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Eugenics Buck v Bell –mother and daughter who were determined to be “feebleminded” An estimated 65,000 Americans were sterilized without their own consent or that of a family member.
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“Flappers”
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Religious Fundamentalism
Many Americans feared that the country was losing its traditional values Creationism vs. Evolution Scopes Monkey Trial John T. Scopes, William Jennings Bryan, and Clarence Darrow
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Prohibition The Eighteenth Amendment The Volstead Act
U.S. Treasury Department had the power to enforce Prohibition 540,000 arrests made Americans still ignored the law
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Speakeasies Secret Bars Bootlegging
Smuggling liquor from Canada and the Caribbean Organized crime became huge Al Capone
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Al Capone
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Repeal of Prohibition The battle to repeal Prohibition began almost as soon as the Eighteenth Amendment was ratified Twenty-first Amendment 1933
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Let’s Review -Choose one of the questions below
Why did Nativism strengthen during the 1920s, and how did the government deal with the tensions? Nativism: emphasis on traditional or local customs, in opposition to outside influences. Why do you think some Americans feared the “new morality”? New Morality: The trend that glorified youth and personal freedom - particularly to the status of women.
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