1. Present Tense Verbs

2. Use of Present Tense
USE 1 Repeated Actions USE 2 Facts, Generalizations, States USE 3 Instruction or Directions

3. Use of Present Tense USE 4 Scheduled Events in the Near Future
Sometimes we use Simple Present to talk about large-scale scheduled events in the near future.
USE 5 Future after Key Words
We also use it to talk about the future after words like 'when', 'until', 'after', 'before' and 'as soon as' in a future sentence

4. Use of Present Tense USE 1 Repeated Actions
To express the idea that an action is repeated, usual or regular occurrence; not necessarily that it is currently being done right now
The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, or something that happens quite often
Examples:
I feed my animals every morning and evening.
Ex: My wife and daughter read a lot of books.

5. Use of Present Tense USE 1 Repeated Actions
To express the idea that an action is repeated, usual or regular occurrence; not necessarily that it is currently being done right now
The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, or something that happens quite often
To express that an action is currently being done, use the present continuous tense (“be” + verb-ing)
I am feeding my animals.
My wife and daughter are reading books.

6. Use of Present Tense USE 2 Facts, Generalizations, States
To express facts or beliefs
To make general statements (time independent)
To express a situation, condition, or state (of being) believed to be more or less permanent
Examples:
The weather cools down in September.
Cattle and horses like grass.
God loves and cares for us.
John and Kristy enjoy woodworking projects.
I am active and in good health.

7. Use of Present Tense USE 3 Instruction or Directions
To give instruction or directions
Examples:
Turn in your homework on-time.
Go to the stop sign and turn right.

8. Forming Present Tense Verbs
We form the simple present tense using:
S-form is used for the third person singular case (he/she/it)
Base form is used for all other cases (except “to be”)

9. Forming Present Tense Verbs
We form the simple present tense using:
S-form is used for the third person singular case (he/she/it)
Base form is used for all other cases (except “to be”)
S-form:
For regular verbs, third person singular adds some form of “s” to the base form of the verb
For irregular verbs, the form must be memorized; however, I’m not sure there are any irregular “s-form” verbs
Base form:
Normal word for all verbs, except “to be”

10. Forming Present Tense Verbs
The verb “To Be”: Simple present tense forms are:
I am
You are
He, She, or It is
We are
They are

11. Forming the s-form
Regular present tense verbs form the third person singular (s-form) by adding some form of “s”

12. Forming the s-form
Regular present tense verbs form the third person singular by adding some form of “s”
For most verbs simply add “s” to the base form
Walk -> walks; run -> runs; think -> thinks

13. Forming the s-form
Regular present tense verbs form the third person singular by adding some form of “s”
For most verbs simply add “s” to the base form
If the base form ends in “consonant + y”; change the “y” to “i” and add “es”
Examples:
study -> studies; fly -> flies; try -> tries; cry -> cries
lay -> lays; say -> says; buy -> buys

14. Forming the s-form
Regular present tense verbs form the third person singular by adding some form of “s”
For most verbs simply add “s” to the base form
If the base form ends in “consonant + y”; change the “y” to “i” and add “es”
If the base form ends in “ch”, “tch”, “ss”, “zz”, or “o”; add “es” (adding a syllable to make it pronounceable)
Examples: catch -> catches; do -> does; kiss -> kisses; clutch -> clutches

15. Pronunciation Guide Voiced verses Unvoiced Sounds
Voiced sounds use the vocal cords to produce a vibration or humming sound
Unvoiced sounds do not

16. Pronunciation Guide Sibilants
Sibilants are produced by forcing air out toward your teeth.
Characterized by turbulence; the most common examples:
a hissing sound (sssss),
a buzzing sound (zzzzz)
the sound teachers make when they want you to be quiet (shhhh!), or
A word like church or chair (ch)

17. Pronunciation Guide We pronounce the final “s” in three different ways
As a ‘s’
As a ‘z’
As ‘es’

18. Pronunciation Guide: Sibilant or “J”
If the last consonant sound of the word is a sibilant sound
the final S is pronounced as /əz/ (voiced)
The /əz/ sound is pronounced like an extra syllable (e.g. the word buses has two syllables)
Examples of words ending in the /əz/ sound:
C: race -> races (sounds like "race-əz ")
S: rise -> rises (sounds like "rise-əz ")
X: fix -> fixes
SS: kiss -> kisses, miss -> misses
Z: amaze -> amazes, freeze -> freezes
CH: teach -> teaches (sounds like “teach-əz ")
SH: wish -> wishes, push -> pushes, crash -> crashes

19. Pronunciation Guide: Sibilant or “J”
Also, if the last consonant sound is a J sound (like the letter J at the beginning of the word jacket), then the final S is also pronounced as /əz/.
Examples of words ending in the /əz/ sound:
GE: change -> changes, judge -> judges

20. Pronunciation Guide: All Others
If the last consonant of the word is voiceless (or unvoiced), then the S is pronounced as /s/ (unvoiced).
Be careful not to create an extra syllable.
NOTE: The consonants c, s, sh, ch and x are voiceless but since they use the sibilants ending, this guide does not apply.
Examples of words ending in the /s/ sound:
P: sleep -> sleeps
T: hit -> hits, write -> writes
K: cook -> cooks, drink -> drinks, walk -> walks
F: laugh -> laughs, graph -> graphs (the -gh and -ph here are pronounced like a F)

21. Pronunciation Guides: All Others
If the last letter of the words ends in a voiced consonant (or sound), then the S is pronounced like a Z
Without creating another syllable.
We also use this ending when the word ends in a vowel sound
Examples of words ending in the /z/ sound:
D: ride -> rides
G: beg -> begs
L: call -> calls, fall -> falls
Y (semi-vowel): fly -> flies, study -> studies; try -> tries; cry -> cries;
lay -> lays; buy -> buys
Vowel sounds: see -> sees

22. Selections from Matthew 5 (p 934 & 935)
3 God blesses those who recognize their need for him, for the Kingdom of Heaven is given to them. 5 God blesses those who are gentle and lowly, for the whole earth will belong to them. 6 God blesses those who are hungry and thirsty for justice, for they will receive it in full.

23. Selections from Matthew 5 (p 934 & 935)
3 God blesses those who recognize their need for him, for the Kingdom of Heaven is given to them. 5 God blesses those who are gentle and lowly, for the whole earth will belong to them. 6 God blesses those who are hungry and thirsty for justice, for they will receive it in full.

24. Selections from Matthew 5 (p 934 & 935)
8 God blesses those whose hearts are pure, for they will see God. 19 But anyone who obeys God’s laws and teaches them will be great in the Kingdom of Heaven.

25. Selections from Matthew 5 (p 934 & 935)
8 God blesses those whose hearts are pure, for they will see God. 19 But anyone who obeys God’s laws and teaches them will be great in the Kingdom of Heaven.

26. Selections from Matthew 5 (p 934 & 935)
27 You have heard that the law of Moses says ‘Do not commit adultery.’ 28 But I say anyone who looks at a woman with lust in his eye has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 45 In that way you will be acting as true children of your Father in heaven. For he gives his sunlight to both the evil and the good and sends rain on the just and unjust, too.

27. Selections from Matthew 5 (p 934 & 935)
27 You have heard that the law of Moses says ‘Do not commit adultery.’ 28 But I say anyone who looks at a woman with lust in his eye has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 45 In that way you will be acting as true children of your Father in heaven. For he gives his sunlight to both the evil and the good and sends rain on the just and unjust, too.

29. Forming Present Tense Verbs
We form the simple present tense using:
S-form is used for the third person singular case (he/she/it)
Base form is used for all other cases (except “to be” - below)
S-form:
For regular verbs, third person singular adds some form of “s” to the base form of the verb
For irregular verbs, the form must be memorized; however, I’m not sure there are any irregular “s-form” verbs
Base form:
Normal word for all verbs, except “to be”
The verb “To Be” ”: Simple present tense forms are:
I am; You are; He, She, or It is
We are; You are; They are

30. Forming the s-form
Regular present tense verbs form the third person singular by adding some form of “s”
For most verbs simply add “s” to the base form
Walk -> walks; run -> runs; think -> thinks
If the base form ends in “consonant + y”; change the “y” to “i” and add “es”
Examples:
study -> studies; fly -> flies; try -> tries; cry -> cries
lay -> lays; say -> says; buy -> buys
If the base form ends in “ch”, “tch”, “ss”, “zz”, or “o”; add “es” (adding a syllable to make it pronounceable)
Examples: catch -> catches; do -> does; kiss -> kisses; clutch -> clutches

31. Pronunciation Guide Voiced verses Unvoiced Sounds Sibilants
Voiced sounds use the vocal cords to produce a vibration or humming sound
Unvoiced sounds do not
Sibilants
Sibilants are produced by forcing air out toward your teeth.
Characterized by turbulence; the most common examples:
a hissing sound (sssss),
a buzzing sound (zzzzz)
the sound teachers make when they want you to be quiet (shhhh!), or
A word like church or chair (ch)
We pronounce the final “s” in three different ways: as an ‘s’; as a ‘z’; and as a ‘es’

32. Pronunciation Guide: Sibilant or “J”
If the last consonant sound of the word is a sibilant sound
the final S is pronounced as /əz/ (voiced)
The /əz/ sound is pronounced like an extra syllable (e.g. the word buses has two syllables)
Examples of words ending in the /əz/ sound:
C: race -> races (sounds like "race-əz ")
S: rise -> rises (sounds like "rise-əz ")
X: fix -> fixes
SS: kiss -> kisses, miss -> misses
Z: amaze -> amazes, freeze -> freezes
CH: teach -> teaches (sounds like “teach-əz ")
SH: wish -> wishes, push -> pushes, crash -> crashes

33. Pronunciation Guide: Sibilant or “J”
Also, if the last consonant sound is a J sound (like the letter J at the beginning of the word jacket), then the final S is also pronounced as /əz/.
Examples of words ending in the /əz/ sound:
GE: change -> changes, judge -> judges

34. Pronunciation Guide: All Others
If the last consonant of the word is voiceless (or unvoiced), then the S is pronounced as /s/ (unvoiced).
Be careful not to create an extra syllable.
NOTE: The consonants c, s, sh, ch and x are voiceless but since they use the sibilants ending, this guide does not apply.
Examples of words ending in the /s/ sound:
P: sleep -> sleeps
T: hit -> hits, write -> writes
K: cook -> cooks, drink -> drinks, walk -> walks
F: laugh -> laughs, graph -> graphs (the -gh and -ph here are pronounced like a F)

35. Pronunciation Guides: All Others
If the last letter of the words ends in a voiced consonant (or sound), then the S is pronounced like a Z
Without creating another syllable.
We also use this ending when the word ends in a vowel sound
Examples of words ending in the /z/ sound:
D: ride -> rides
G: beg -> begs
L: call -> calls, fall -> falls
Y (semi-vowel): fly -> flies, study -> studies; try -> tries; cry -> cries;
lay -> lays; buy -> buys
Vowel sounds: see -> sees

36. Selections from Matthew 5
3 God blesses those who recognize their need for him, for the Kingdom of Heaven is given to them. 5 God blesses those who are gentle and lowly, for the whole earth will belong to them. 6 God blesses those who are hungry and thirsty for justice, for they will receive it in full. 8 God blesses those whose hearts are pure, for they will see God. 19 But anyone who obeys God’s laws and teaches them will be great in the Kingdom of Heaven. 27 You have heard that the law of Moses says ‘Do not commit adultery.’ 28 But I say anyone who looks at a woman with lust in his eye has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 45 In that way you will be acting as true children of your Father in heaven. For he gives his sunlight to both the evil and the good and sends rain on the just and unjust, too.
“is given” – present tense, passive voice
S-form verbs
Present tense verbs