1. emigration in spain
IES Cangas del Narcea

2. stages of study
YEARS
YEARS
YEARS

3. 1900-1930 EMIGRATION TO AMERICA: ARGENTINA, CUBA, BRAZIL.
Between 1900 and 1930, more than three million Spanish (3,253,448) emigrated according to official figures, although recent research estimates that they would reach almost four and a half million (4,360,387).

4. Internal causes Decrease in mortality Increase in birth rate
Population growth
UNEMPLOYMENT

5. Increase in agricultural production
External causes
Abolition of slavery
Increase in agricultural production
Need for labour
SUBSIDIZED EMIGRATION

6. Argentina
The country demanded unskilled labour to work in the primary sector: livestock, soybeans, wheat and sugar cane mainly
At first they were young (under 14 years).  
Later they emigrated as a family.

7. Cuba
It demanded peasant labour for the cultivation of sugar cane mainly They were only men and that is why those under 14 represented a very low percentage.

8. BRAZIL
Free passage was offered, a one-year contract at a coffee plantation and free lodging.
There were entire families: women, men and children.

9. Percentage of migrants by date
1905
1912
1920
Argentina
34,25
57,81
19,90
Cuba
23,12
16,60
33,85
Brazil
13,31
4,17
1,48

10. Consequences for Spain
Social needs were met: nursing homes, hospitals, schools ...
Works were carried out for urban and economic modernization: laundries, markets, music kiosks ...
Economic development: creation of banks.
The understanding between Spain and the countries on the other side of the Atlantic was favored.

11. 1960-1975 emigraTion to europe: Germany, SWITZERLAND, FRANCe
More than 2 million people left the country due to:
-Economic and human losses (for the Civil War).
-No communication with the outside.
-Alarming poverty.

12. Internal causes
Mechanizacion of agriculture
Reduction of agricultural labor force
Internal migration to urban areas
The industry was not able to give work to the peasant population

13. External Causes Great economic growth Nationals held skilled jobs
Unskilled labour was needed
These jobs were carried out by Spanish people among others.

14. Emigration to Europe

15. Germany
Residence permissions are issued within two years after being there. The definitive residence is given after five years. Sectors providing employment are Secondary and Services.
Secondary sector 80%
Services 20%

16. Switzerland
Its migration policy was restrictive, with two types of permissions: - temporary: 8 months - annual Family grouping is avoided.

17. France It is very easy to get French nationality.
The job offer is for young people and families.
Workers are needed in the secondary sector.
Temporary work in the primary sector: agriculture.
Primary sector 13%
Secondary sector 54%
Servicies 33%

18. Consequences for Spain
Demographic Consequences:
The emigration supposed a change in the structure of the population because those that left were men in working age: The ratio between men and women was modified in favor of the latter and weighed more dependent population (under 14 years or over 65)
Economic consequences:
The money remittances sent back financed much of Spain's economic development
Labour consequences:
When the return was massive, as happened since 1973, the results affected negatively to the whole of Spanish society: increased unemployment, reduced salary,

19. 2008-2016 emigraTion to europe: Germany, united kingdom, france
Since 2008, the beginning of the crisis, more than two million people have gone out Spain:
About 10% are Spanish: 215,000
The rest are immigrants returning to their countries.
The main destinations of migrants are:
Germany
United Kingdom
France

20. Internal causes High unemployment rate Precarius employment
It mainly affects young people
Precarius employment
Temporary contracts
Restrictive ecomic policies
Cut public spending

21. Skill labour was needed
External causes
Skill labour was needed
The emigrants are mainly young people very prepared
Globalization
The workers are very easy to move within the European Union
New technologies
Ease of communication

22. Consequences for Spain
The unemployment rate is reduced.
A family separation happens: many grandparents have their grandchildren in other countries.
The State spends a lot of money educating young people who then go away.

23. Job offer: looking for spanish
Engineers for Germany: it is expected that in the following years 22,000 engineers will be needed in Germany. Doctors for UK: cutbacks in public health have caused almost 1,500 doctors to emigrate to the UK

24. Spanish emigrants during the crisis
women
men

25. The migratory balances have changed in the last years
The migratory balances have changed in the last years. Now more people leave and less people come.
inmigrants
emigrants
balance

26. https://www. youtube. com/watch. v=6SFA3s-XdjU https://www. youtube