1. השואה

2. The Holocaust
Term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately 6 million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the Nazi Party

4. The Holocaust
Inclusion of other groups brings the total to 9-11 million
Other groups targeted:
Roma (Gypsies)
Poles, Russians, Czechs, etc.
Religious & Political opponents
Homosexuals
Disabled (mental & physical)

5. At the time of Hitler’s rise to power, 9 million Jews lived in Europe
Nazi Anti-Semitism
At the time of Hitler’s rise to power, 9 million Jews lived in Europe
Hitler blamed Jews for Germany’s problems
Promoted belief of racial superiority of German people (Mein Kampf)
No factual basis for anti-Semitism
No factual basis for claims about “master race”
Many Germans found Hitler’s twisted vision appealing
Germans had suffered through World War I
Humiliation of Treaty of Versailles
Economic crises of 1920s and 1930s
Jews were a convenient scapegoat

6. Anti-Semitism
"Germans! Protect yourselves! Do not buy from Jewish stores" These posters posted by Nazis often spread messages that encouraged the Germans to boycott Jewish businesses.

7. Anti-Semitic Cartoons

8. Der Stürmer Julius Streicher
The Experience of Hans and Else with a Strange Man: "Here, kids, I have some candy for you. But you both have to come with me..."
How to Tell a Jew: "The Jewish nose is bent. It looks like the number six..."

9. Legal & Social Discrimination Germany 1930s
April 4, 1933 (Aryanization)
“Non-Aryans” removed from government jobs
1935 Nuremberg Laws
Removed Jews of German citizenship
Deprived Jews of jobs and property
Forbid marriage between Jews and non Jews
Jews over six years old forced to wear the yellow Star of David

13. Kristallnacht Night of Broken Glass November 9, 1938
Herschel Grynszpan
(Jewish youth) shot an employee of the German Embassy in Paris to avenge his father's deportation
Nazi leaders launched a violent attack on Jewish community.
Nazis murdered around 100 Jews.
Nazis destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues.

17. Jewish Emigration
After "Kristallnacht" many Jews were still living in Germany and in the lands that Hitler took control of. To solve this "Jewish Problem", Hitler took a powerful action by forcing Jews into emigration.
The Central Office for Jewish Emigration was established by the high-ranking Nazi Adolf Eichmann; this office pressured and forced Jews to emigrate from Nazi Germany.
Since the number of Jewish refugees were increasing rapidly in countries that accepted the Jews, it created a problem.
Nations stop taking refugees

18. The Plight of Jewish Refugees
“We all want to get ride of our Jews. The difficulty is that no country wishes to receive them.”
German Foreign Minister 1938
France, Great Britain, Latin America, United States
Issues
Strict Immigration Laws
Scarce Jobs
Fear of enemy agents
ANTI – SEMITISM!!

19. Emigration outlawed in 1941

20. Concentration Camps
The term concentration camp refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined
usually under harsh conditions
without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment

25. Einsatzgruppen
Mobile killing units of squads composed primarily of German SS and police personnel
Their task was the murder of those perceived to be racial or political enemies found behind German combat lines in the occupied Soviet Union

27. Einsatzgruppen Shooting was the most common form of killing
Heinrich Himmler
Noting the psychological burden that mass shootings produced on his men, requested that a more convenient mode of killing be developed
Gas Van
Mobile gas chamber which employed carbon monoxide from the truck's exhaust to kill its victims.

30. Ghettos
Term originated from the name of the Jewish quarter in Venice, established in 1516, in which the Venetian authorities compelled the city's Jews to live
Hitler put his second plan of solving "the Jewish problem" into action.
Polish Ghettos
Caged in by wire and stone walls
Many people died of hunger and sickness
Many made everyday life as pleasant and normal as possible

43. The Final Solution Die Endlösung
Wannsee Conference
January 20, 1942
15 high-ranking Nazi party and German government officials gathered at a villa in the Berlin suburb discuss and coordinate the implementation of the "Final Solution"
The Nazis' code name for the deliberate, carefully planned destruction of European Jewry
No one objected.

44. The Final Solution Concentration Camps
Problem
Overwork
Starvation
Beatings
Bullets
Did not kill fast enough to satisfy the Nazis
Solution
Six Polish death camps with gas chambers
Could kill 6,000 daily
What happened to all the bodies?

45. Heinrich Himmler
Reinhard Heydrich

49. Liberation

54. Why did non-Jews risk their lives to save Jews?
religious beliefs and humanitarian concerns
resistance against the Nazis regardless of feelings about the Jews
payment provided by Jews who were hidden

55. Why did people not help the Jews?
anti-Semitism
fear of reprisals
didn't want to get involved in the problems of others

56. Why governments got involved?
public pressure from the world community
humanitarian concerns

57. Why did governments refuse to get involved?
did not believe the Holocaust was occurring
had leaders which were anti-Semitic
did not feel saving Jews would have any benefit to the war effort
felt that all war efforts to defeat the Germans would be the best response to stopping German atrocities against the Jews

58. TODAY