1. speed of sound at sea level =340.29 m / s

2. The M N TEXTBOOK SECTIONS: 8-3, 9.6 and 9.7
The moon is a natural satellite around our Earth
Exomoon: moon around planets that lie beyond our solar system. Moons of extrasolar planet called exomoon
The moon rises in the east and sets in the west; just how we see the Sun
How long moon orbits earth?
days. The moon orbits the Earth once every  days, measured against background stars. It also takes approximately 27 days for the moon to rotate once on its axis. Tilted 5o
Earth tilted axis: 23.5o
Moon axis of rotation is titled by 1.5o; virtually no season on moon. This means that some areas are always lit by sunlight, and other places are perpetually draped in shadow.

3. The Moon A large chunk of rock that orbit around the Earth
Planets orbit stars, Moons orbit a planet
4.5 billion years old
Non-luminous; reflects light from Sun
Has no moon of its own; no ring
Has a very thin and weak atmosphere + lack water  can’t support life
Earth- Moon distance: 384,400 km ( AU)
First visited by USSR’s robotic spacecraft in 1959
Image courtesy of NASA/JPL
Ask students what they know about the moon before revealing bullet points 1.
Lunar Revolution period around Earth with respect to back ground stars (called sidereal period) ?= 27.3 days
The sidereal period of the Moon is the time needed for it to return to the same position against the background of stars.
Synodic period?= days = measuring the motion of the Moon around the Earth relative to the Sun as seen by an observer on the Earth
So why are the sidereal and synodic lunar months not equal in length?
After one sidereal month after starting at let’s say full moon position, the moon hasn’t got back to its original full moon position because Earth also travels around Sun. The moon has to play catch up; this catching up of the Moon takes an additional 2 days (27.3 to 29.5)
2. The moon moderates Earth's wobble on its axis, leading to a relatively stable climate over billions of years. Meaning?
How moon was formed?
Earth- Moon distance: 384,400 km = AU.
The moon takes 27 days to orbit around the earth and spin around its axis
Max/min surface temp: -233/123 °C
Is the moon titled?
USSR: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or Soviet Union

4. How was the Moon formed?
Over 4.5 billion years ago, a Mars-sized body collided with the still-molten Earth
debris from the collision accumulated into Earth’s Moon.
Bombarded by asteroids, meteoroids and comets over billions of years  Moon’s surface ground up and “scarred” with craters
The newly formed moon was in a molten state. Within about 100 million years, most of the global "magma ocean" had crystallized, with less-dense rocks floating upward and eventually forming the lunar crust.
The moon was first visited by the U.S.S.R.'s Luna 1 and Luna 2 in 1959
Recent studies confirm that our moon does indeed have an atmosphere consisting of some unusual gases, including sodium and potassium, which are not found in the atmospheres of Earth, Mars or Venus. 
The current theory of how the moon was formed, not long after the Solar System was formed, is called the mega-impact theory
95 million years after the formation of the solar system
Source: "How the Moon Formed." : Melbourne Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar

5. Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Mike Collins (Apollo 11) The Moon
First human visit: 1969
Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Mike Collins (Apollo 11)
The Moon
Buzz
Neil
MIke
The first human landing on the moon was on 20 July Astronaut Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first human to walk on the moon's surface. Apollo 11 mission
How the Moon Got its Name Earth's only natural satellite is simply called the moon because people didn't know other moons existed until Galileo Galilei discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter in Other moons in our solar system are given names so they won't be confused with each other. We call them moons because, like our own, they are natural satellites orbiting a solar system body (which in turn is orbiting a star).
Astronaut’s footprint
Thin atmosphere & no moisture
 stayed preserved

6. Moon’s internal structure
Mostly solid interior
A= The core
B = mantle
C = crust

7. Moon & Tides What is the force that glues all matter together? Gravity
Moon’s gravity pulls on Earth & Earth’s gravity pulls on the Moon, resulting in tides
Tidal locking video:

8. Hopewell Rock, New Brunswick Canada

9. Moon phase demonstration:
Have you ever wondered?
Why does the moon seem to change its shape every night?
Why can I see the moon in the daytime?
Moon phase demonstration:

10. Gizmo activity How to access the gizmo
Step 1: Go to
Step 2: Click on the “Enroll in a Class” button in the upper right hand corner of the web page.
Step 3: Type in your teacher’s class code: 9FVX9ZYJJQ
Click “Continue” and follow the directions on the site to complete your enrollment.
Step 4: Write down your username and password and put this sheet in your class notebook.
Your username: ________________________
Password: ________________________

11. Saw it yesterday?

12. Monday Nov the largest supermoon in 70 years Your HW is to take a picture of the Moon tonight and bring it to class tomorrow

13. = A pattern of light & shadow on the Moon’s visible surface
Phases of the Moon
= A pattern of light & shadow on the Moon’s visible surface
The same near-to-us side of the moon is always pointed towards the Earth
Synodic month= period of time elapses between 2 new moons
The mean length of the synodic month is days (29d 12h 44m 03s). This is nearly 2.21 days longer than the sidereal month. As the Moon revolves around Earth, both objects also progress in orbit around the Sun. After completing one revolution with respect to the stars, the Moon must continue a little farther along its orbit to catch up to the same position it started from relative to the Sun and Earth. This explains why the mean synodic month is longer than the sidereal month.
explain why synodic month is longer; it takes moon 27.5 days to rotate to its original point (new moon) but since the earth also complete another portion of its orbit around Sun (30o)the moon is now displaced and thus has to travel an additional distance to be back to its original position for a new moon to take place.
It takes 29.5 days for the moon to complete one cycle from one new moon to the next
Terms to know about Moon’s phases:
If the moon is waxing, the lit surface is getting BIGGER
If the moon is waning, the lit surface is getting SMALLER
Gibbous = between half lit and fully lit

14. So, why do we see Moon phases?
Moon phases are caused by two factors:
The moon (like Earth) is half-lit by the Sun
The changes in our perspective of the amount of the Moon’s surface being lit by the Sun
View from earth

15. Moon phase demonstration: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wz01pTvuMa0
More terms to know about Moon’s phases:
“First quarter" = one-quarter of the monthly cycle elapsed; not “¼ of the moon is being lit”
What does it means by “third quarter“ then?
Write your own answer:

16. Moon’s rotating and revolving periods around Earth
Side view of the Earth-Moon system
5.1° angle
Sun
Earth
Moon
Earth’s orbital plane around the Sun
Moon’s orbital plane around the Earth
Moon’s rotating and revolving periods around Earth
Time it takes the Moon to rotate once on its axis:
days
Time it takes the Moon to revolve once around Earth:
days

17. How rotation differs from revolution?
The turning of an object around an imaginary axis running through it
E.g.
Earth’s rotation takes 24 hrs
The rotation of an object around an external axis (e.g. another object)
E.g. Earth’s revolution around the Sun is days
Explain leap year?

19. Eclipses = the blockage of light from one celestial object by another in space
Type of Eclipse
Light from which object is being blocked?
Diagram
Viewing safety
Solar eclipse
 The Sun (blocked by the moon)
Remember: S M E
- Never view any solar eclipse with naked eyes
- Use Pinhole Projection &filters
Lunar eclipse
 The Moon (blocked by the Earth)
Remember: S E M
Safe to view directly with naked eyes
Eclipses by Physics Girl:

20. Eclipses (cont). A- SOLAR ECLIPSE B- LUNAR ECLIPSE Total lunar eclipse
Partial lunar eclipse
B- LUNAR ECLIPSE
Left: Total solar eclipse, showing the solar corona and several red prominences around the edge (Luc Viatour). Center: Partial solar eclipse (Michael Mortensen). Right: Annular solar eclipse, when the moon is too far away to completely cover the sun (Sancho Panza).
BLOOD MOON

21. Create a model of a solar/lunar eclipse
What kind of eclipse is this?

22. a whole new meaning to moon walking
Caption contest
Hyperion: Saturn’s moon stands out with its chaotic rotation
Almost all moons in the Solar System keep one face pointed toward their planet. (The only exception we know of is Hyperion, a moon of Saturn.) 
That process is called tidal friction. You probably know that the Moon's gravity affects the Earth's oceans. Well, the Earth's gravity also affects the Moon. It distorts the Moon's shape slightly, squashing it out so that it is elongated along a line that points toward the Earth. We say that the Earth raises "tidal bulges" on the Moon.
The Earth's gravity pulls on the closest tidal bulge, trying to keep it aligned with Earth. As the Moon turns, feeling the Earth's gravity, this creates friction within the Moon, slowing the Moon's rotation down until its rotation matches its orbital period exactly, a state we call tidal synchronization. In this state, the Moon's tidal bulge is always aligned with Earth, which means that the Moon always keeps one face toward Earth.
The Moon slows the Earth's rotation, too, but at a very slow rate, increasing the length of the day by a couple of milliseconds each century.
a whole new meaning to moon walking

23. Keeping Time: Origins of the Days of the Week
Planet
French
Monday
Moon
lundi
Tuesday
Mars
mardi
Wednesday
Mercury
mercredi
Thursday
Jupiter
jeudi
Friday
Venus
vendredi
Saturday
Saturn
samedi
Sunday
Sun
dimanche
Why is a week seven days long?
Seven days corresponds to the time it takes for a moon to transition between each phase: full, waning half, new and waxing half. Because the moon cycle is days long, the Babylonians would insert one or two days into the final week of each month.

24. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtBHfxU2wmc (by 10cc)

25. Activity: Make a Moon phase profile with mini-OREO
Expected result
“third quarter“= refers to the Moon being three-fourths of the way to a new moon; not “3/4 of it being lit”
With entertainment:

26. --The end--
Read p
Define: eclipse, lunar eclipse, solar eclipse, gravitational force
Copy Figure 7.18 and 7.20 in your notes
Recap: could be done on ipad, next day

27. Phases of the moon assessment (A for Learning)
The Moon has "phases." That means it looks a little different to us each night during its one-month orbit of our planet. We describe how the Moon looks with terms such as "Full Moon," "First Quarter," and "New Moon" (which we can't really see, because the side that is lit faces away from us).
The Moon has no light of its own. Moonlight is sunlight bouncing off the Moon's surface. As the Moon orbits Earth, the Sun lights up whatever side of the Moon is facing it. To the Sun, it's always a full Moon! If you were looking down upon Earth and its Moon from way out in space over the North Pole, you would see a Moon that looked like one of these:
Describe the following phases of the Moon
1. _____________________ 5. __________________________
4. _____________________ 7. __________________________

28. Answer on next slide

29. Moon phase assessment- KEY
The Moon has "phases." That means it looks a little different to us each night during its one-month orbit of our planet. We describe how the Moon looks with terms such as "Full Moon," "First Quarter," and "New Moon" (which we can't really see, because the side that is lit faces away from us).
The Moon has no light of its own. Moonlight is sunlight bouncing off the Moon's surface. As the Moon orbits Earth, the Sun lights up whatever side of the Moon is facing it. To the Sun, it's always a full Moon! If you were looking down upon Earth and its Moon from way out in space over the North Pole, you would see a Moon that looked like one of these:
Describe the following phases of the Moon
1. New moon full moon
4. Waxing gibbous 7.last quarter

30. “nus” = non usual spin Obliquity of 8 planets
The planets in our solar system are orbiting the Sun counter clockwise, why? 
“nus” = non usual spin

31. Earth review How old is the Earth?
Difference between rotation and revolution
How long is Earth’s rotation? Revolution?
What causes seasons?
Answer:
4.56 billion years old
Rotation: orbiting movement around an object’s own axis
Revolution: orbiting movement around an external axis
3. rotation: 24 hrs; revolution: days
4. earth’s tilt: summer north pole tilted towards Sun south pole experience winter as it is tilted away; winter: north pole tilted away from Sun south pole experiences summer as it titled towards

35. Solstices Occur on June 21 and Dec 21
Solstice occurs when the Sun shine directly on one of the two tropics because the tilt of the Earth’s axis reaches its maximum angle compared to the Sun
During the June (summer) Solstice the rays of the Sun shine directly on the Tropic of Cancer; longest day
During the December (Winter) Solstice the Sun’s rays shine on the Tropic of Capricorn; longest night

36. Equinox
As the Earth moves around its orbit, it reaches two points during the year where the tilt of its axis causes it to be straight relative to the Sun.
Thus, the Sun will shine directly on the equator on Mar 20 and Sep 22