1. Basic Athletic Training Chapter 5 Preventive and Supportive Techniques

2. Chapter Objectives
Describe the purpose and philosophy of taping and wrapping
Identify the guidelines for the application of elastic wraps
Identify the protocol in preparation of taping and/or wrapping
Recognize the proper selection of supplies and equipment
Recognize the precautions taken in the application of preventive/supportive techniques
Recognize the importance of proper injury evaluation prior to application of preventive/supportive techniques
Identify the proper steps in the application and removal of taping procedures

3. Assessing an Injury
A proper injury evaluation should be completed by a physician or qualified health care professional before applying preventative or supportive techniques. If questions arise, a physician should preform a medical diagnosis. Following injury evaluation, qualified health care professional can then make recommendations concerning application of protective techniques.

4. Purpose of Taping and Wrapping
Tape application—provide additional support, stability, and compression
Elastic wraps—support and compression
Taping and wrapping techniques can be applied to:
Shorten the muscles angle of pull
Decrease joint range of motion
Secure pads, bandages, and protective devices
Apply compression to aid in controlling swelling

5. Philosophies of Elastic Tape and Elastic Wrap Application
Proper angle, direction, and tension must be considered
Has ability to contract and expand
Used in areas that need greater freedom of movement
Has the characteristics of conformability and strength
Placed on the body with fewer wrinkles and at greater angles
Elastic Wrap
Utilized in the application of applying either compression or support to injured anatomical structures

6. Common Terminology
Anchor to X-pattern
REVIEW AND DISCUSS

7. Description of Athletic Training Supplies
Adhesive Tape
Marketed as nonelastic, white tape
Elastic Tape
Provides greater freedom of mobility to the affected body part and is marketed as elastic tape
Elastic Wrap
Defined as a woven fabric that also allows for expansion and contraction, and is used for compression or supportive techniques

8. Selection of Proper Supplies and Specialty Supplies
Selection of supplies depends on:
The number and types of sports offered and frequency of injuries
Budget
Philosophy of medical staff regarding taping techniques
Occurrence of injury
Special considerations given to these supplies:
Benzoin (spray adherent)
Adhesive versus elastic tape
Width of adhesive tape and elastic tape
Length and width of elastic wraps

9. Preparation of Body Part to be Taped or Wrapped
Removal of hair
Cleanse the area
Special considerations
Spray adherent
Skin lubricants
Underwrap

10. Application and Removal of Taping Procedure
To tear tape, hold each side firmly of the proposed tear line
The more quickly the tearing maneuver is done, the more evenly tape edges will be torn
A small amount of lubricant on the tip of the cutting device will allow the instrument to slip under the tape more readily
Avoid bony prominences
Remove the tape from the skin in a constant and gradual manner
Tape should be removed in the opposite direction from which it was applied

11. Purpose and Application of Elastic Wraps for Support
Supportive Wraps
Aid in muscle function and support and reduce excessive range of motion
Used for short periods of time, such as competition and practice
Common terminology: spica, figure of eight, and pad support
Spica Wraps
Hip and shoulder joints

12. Purpose and Application of Elastic Wraps for Compression
Figure of Eight Wraps
Ankle, knee, elbow, and wrist and hand joints
Compression Wraps
Utilized in initial injury treatment protocol (PRICES)
Use spiral pattern
From distal to the injury, cross the injured joint, and finish proximal to the affected area
Combine with elevation

13. Sport Specific Rules on Taping and Wrapping
Be aware of specific rules for each sport
Sport governing bodies have rules regarding tape and/or wrap applications
Tape and/or wrap applications must fall within the guidelines established for each sport

14. Braces and Special Devices
Primary purpose is to prevent an injury and to protect injured anatomical structures from further aggravation
Protective devices can be applied to add additional protection, support, stability, and compression
Common specialty supplies used in braces and special devices techniques:
Foam
Thermoplastic
Felt
Special Pad Criteria

15. Principles of Physical Rehabilitation
Supportive techniques along with a rehabilitation program enhance an athlete’s return to activity
Taping and wrapping procedures are NOT a substitute for proper injury rehabilitation
You should follow specific instructions regarding injury rehabilitation and supportive taping techniques, as outlined by a physician or qualified health care professional

16. Precautions
Before applying any technique, the athlete’s skin temperature should be normal
When applying support techniques, the safety of the athlete should be your priority
With all injured athletes, consultation with a physician is recommended

17. Preventive/Supportive Techniques
Wrapping Techniques for Compression
Ankle, knee, elbow, wrist/hand
Wrapping Techniques for Support
Ankle, knee, hamstring, quadriceps, hip flexor, hip adductor, glenohumeral

18. Preventive/Supportive Techniques
Taping Techniques
Ankle, foot, and lower leg
Knee, thigh, and hip
Thorax and low back
Shoulder and elbow
Forearm, wrist, and hand

19. Questions ?