1. The Digital Landscape: Where the Good Stuff Lives
Hawaiian Newspapers,
War Records and Trust Territory
IMAGE REPOSITORY
University of Hawaii
- James Cartwright, University Archivist, Special Collections
- Martha Chantiny, Information Technology & Network Resources Librarian
- Joan Hori, Hawaiian Curator, Special Collections
- Karen Peacock, Pacific Collection Curator, Special Collections
March 16, 2000

2. The Hawaiian Newspapers Hawaii War Records Depository Trust Territory of the Pacific Archives
collections include significant historical resources of interest to scholars, government officials, students, reporters, photographers, community members, textbook authors, and teachers both in the United States, the Pacific Islands and southwestern Pacific Rim.
The project will create alternative forms of unique library resources, preserving and making them broadly accessible; providing an opportunity for both the UHM Library and the Library and Information Studies Program to explore issues involved in the construction of digital libraries in an academic environment.

3. Hawaiian Language Newspapers - Joan Hori, Hawaiian Curator,
Hawaiian Language Newspapers - Joan Hori, Hawaiian Curator, Special Collections, Hamilton Library
Grants for pilot project
Ka Nupepa Ku’oko’a
From 1834 to 1948 approximately 80 Hawaiian language newspapers were published. They present a Hawaiian view of historical events, native culture, genealogy and literature, and are an important and unique resource.
The project to scan these Hawaiian newspapers on microfilm and mount them on the web began in We have mounted 8 titles and are currently working on 4 additional Hawaiian newspapers.

4. Hawaiian language/studies
Newspapers used in second year classes
Advanced students compare variations of famous stories, study chants, genealogies and history
Students at the University of Hawaii at Mänoa may work toward a Bachelor of Arts degree in the Hawaiian language. Students may also major in Hawaiian Studies, which offers courses taught in the Hawaiian language.
2nd year Hawaiian language classes have assignments in the use of the newspapers. More advanced students compare variations of famous stories published in the papers. They study chants and genealogies published in the papers. They look at ads.

5. Comments University student @maui.net
No ko'u a'o 'ana a nui ko'u makemake e heluhelu e pili ana o ko kakou kupuna a a'o ke kumu no keia ola. Mahalo no ka wehe 'ana o keia alahele e a'o.
For my learning and my great desire to read about our ancestors and the reason of this life. Thank you for the opening of this method of learning
University language
Ua makemake wale wau e mahalo aku i ka mea nana e auamo nei i keia nui hana no ka pono o ka nui o kakou poe olelo Hawaii. He pono no keia, a he pomaikai maoli no. Mahalo.
I wanted to thank the person(s) carrying on this important work
for the benefit of most of us. It is necessary, and truly fortunate (blessed). Mahalo.
I am a Hawaiian Immersion teacher always looking for sources of Hawaiian information, vocabulary, and examples. I never have the time to go to U.H. to use the microfilm. I would just like to extend a great big mahalo to you and all the work that you are doing to get this very important and useful information and stories out and more accessible. As a Native Hawaiian, a Hawaiian language student, a teacher I greatly appreciate your hard work. Thank you, again. You can be sure that I will be utilizing this site a lot.
Language teachers search for grammatical patterns and examine the ways in which the Hawaiian language has changed.

6. KUMU HAWAII
The following are examples of our paper copies of some Hawaiian language newspapers. Ke Kumu Hawaii (The Teacher), published was one of the earliest Hawaiian language newspapers. It was published by the American Protestant Mission to Hawaiçi. It began with a circulation of 1500.

7. Hawaiian language newspapers included local and foreign news, features, stories in serial form, moral lessons, advertising, illustrations. They also published Hawaiian legends, genealogy, and songs and chants.
Ke Aloha Aina , (The Patriot), published It was committed to Hawaiian independence. For some years it was published by a woman.

8. This is the same title as shown in the previous slide, Ke Aloha Aina
This is the same title as shown in the previous slide, Ke Aloha Aina. It is our microfilm version.
Use by students and scholars deteriorated the microfilm; heavily used microfilm disappeared; replacing microfilm caused the master eel to deteriorate. Digital scanning enables access without destroying the resource itself.

9. An example of a scanned title is Ka Hoku o ka Pakipika (The Star of the Pacific), the first Hawaiian language newspaper edited solely by native Hawaiians. It was published from 1861 to 1863, among the first of the opposition papers to American annexation.
Laiana Wong, a Hawaiian language instructor, reads from the story of Kawelo, published in the first issue of the Star.

10. KA LEO O KA LAHUI
Ka Leo o ka Lahui (Voice of the Nation), published with a daily circulation of 5000.

11. Leilani Basham, also a Hawaiian language instructor and scholar of Hawaiian chants, chants He Wehi no Liliulani, a patriotic chant to the deposed queen of Hawaii, Liliuokalani.

12. Future plans/wishes for Hawaiian language newspapers include:
Scan more newspapers
Add voice component
OCR/text
We would like to provide additional Hawaiian language newspaper, since we are providing a mere handful now.
We would like to add native speakers or Hawaiian language teachers reading the papers so that students can read and hear the language.
We would like to convert the images to text, to enable searching of names, words, and language patterns.

13. Hawaii War Records Depository - James Cartwright, University Archivist, Special Collections, Hamilton Library

14. Hawai'i War Records Depository (HWRD) was created in 1943, to document the effects of the war upon Hawai'i and its populace,by the first territorial legislature to meet after the Army declared martial law in the islands on December 7, 1941.
HWRD contains 1,000 newspaper photographs clearly identified as being from the Honolulu Star Bulletin and 325 photographs clearly identified as being from the Honolulu Advertiser, the two English- language Honolulu newspapers.

15. HWRD photos/information a valuable resource for a wide range of authors

16. Scanning is the “easy” step

17. Presentation issues are much more difficult issues
Present/arrange by “title”?
List in photo order?
Subject arrangement?
Arrange by date

18. HWRD project explores Protecting Intellectual Property
Watermarking: simple copyright statement or complex (expensive) commercial product
Expanding Intellectual Access
OCLC Dublin Core workshop
Keyword list

19. Dublin Core input template

22. Trust Territory of the Pacific
- Karen Peacock, Pacific Collection Curator, Special Collections, Hamilton Library - Martha Chantiny, Information Technology & Network Resources Librarian

23. From 1947 to 1994 the U.S was administering authority under the United Nations for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands: the Micronesian archipelagoes of the Marshalls, Carolines and Marianas
In 1980’s a team on Saipan indexed and microfilmed U.S. Trust Territory Government documents
UHM Library received the Trust Territory Archives Photo Collection: 50,000 photographs and over 2,000 slides covering the American period in Micronesia from 1947 to 1988
1991 Higher Education Act Title II-C grant to select significant items from the Trust Territory Photo Collection, add descriptive information to existing bibliographic records, scan photos and slides and link the digitized images to the online catalog records using the CARL system
6,600 photographs representing the highlights of the collection were selected by the Pacific Curator after an inventory of all holdings was conducted
From 1947 to 1994 the United States was the administering authority under the United Nations for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI), an area that originally included the Micronesian archipelagoes of the Marshalls, Carolines and Marianas. Today the Federated States of Micronesia (Pohnpei, Kosrae, Chuuk and Yap), the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau have autonomous governments in free association with the U.S., and the Northern Marianas has a commonwealth relationship with the U.S.
in the 1980s, a collaborative effort between the University of Hawai'i at Manoa (UHM) and the Trust Territory Government was formed to preserve the records of the U.S. administration's programs
A team on Saipan indexed and microfilmed documents, and a complete set of the film and the final index was deposited with each island government and with the UHM Library. In addition, UHM Library received the Trust Territory Archives Photo Collection of some 50,000 photographs and over 2,000 slides that illustrate the history of the American period in Micronesia from 1947 to These photographs are stored and only available at the UHM Library.

25. Pacific Islands & Scholars
In the past nine years six books have been published that make extensive use of Trust Territory Archives photos held at the UH Library's Pacific Collection. Two new projects underway will also use photographs from our archives. Requests have often centered on particular individuals (such as President Lazarus Salii of Palau), examples of social change , cultural activities or political events.

26. Document social change , cultural activities , or political events
When the TT Archives images become available on the web, they will be viewable from any location. Thus, Fr. Hezel of the Micronesian Seminar in Pohnpei, who used our photos in his history of Micronesia and who was here last month to search for photos for his new book on social change in Micronesia, will be able to do his searching "from home," and simply or send me the list of photos he needs duplicated.
Even more importantly, the researchers and teachers will have access to the photos for class use.

27. Future plans/wishes for TTP archives
Feedback form to identify people & places in photographs
CD ROM to distribute photos to Pacific Island repositories
May 2000 digital project conference in Guam
Integration into new Endeavor PAC via “Image Server” module
an example, Joachim Peter of Chuuk teaches cultural studies for the College of Micronesia. He is a graduate of UH with master's degrees in Pacific Studies and History. Mr. Peter is trying to develop in students an interest in their own past, their history and their culture. Photos from Chuuk (or Truk as it was called in the past) in our database will give Mr.Peter's students, who have web access, the ability to see former political leaders, traditional chiefs, cultural ceremonies, buildings, canoes, and ordinary folk - among whom they may see relatives - in school, at work, in the hospital. The web access will also mean that Mr. Peter and his students can make printed copies of our photos for use in class projects, exhibits and research papers. This scenario will be repeated throughout the countries of Micronesia. I am also hoping that the web access will give us a means of obtaining feedback from users. There are many unidentified people and places in the photos that we scanned. I would like to ask users to write or us with information that will allow us to expand our cataloging of these photographs. I envision an exchange of information that will make the database even more complete and helpful to users.

28. Technical Server statistics, June-Dec 1999
Average successful requests per day: 792
Distinct hosts served: 1,661
Connections from:
83.13%: .edu (USA Educational)
8.40%: .com (Commercial) .net (Network) .org (Organizations) mil (US Military) .gov (US Government)
Countries/Domains: uk (United Kingdom) .jp (Japan) .be (Belgium) .nl (Netherlands)
.mx (Mexico) .br (Brazil) .fr (France) .ca (Canada) .nz (New Zealand) .sg (Singapore) .fm (Micronesia) .in (India) .es (Spain).gr (Greece) .no (Norway) .ck (Cook Islands) .il (Israel) .hu (Hungary) .tw (Taiwan) .ro (Romania) .my (Malaysia) .sk (Slovak Republic) .yu (Yugoslavia) .de (Germany) .dk (Denmark) .pf (Polynesia (French) .au (Australia)

29. Lessons & Problems
It STILL always takes longer than you thought it would
OCR of 19th century non-English fonts is still more trouble than it is worth
Software to clean up scanned microfilm (such as Scanfix) won’t work when the originals were a mess
It is difficult to balance production speed with quality
Questions about presentation/arrangement never have easy or permanent answers

30. Scanning on a shoestring
 LIS internship Paid student assistance