1. Shipyard & Shipbuilding
Ergonomic Exposure Overview
Rippling Water
(Basic)
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29 CFR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR SHIPYARD EMPLOYMENT

2. Ergonomic Exposures
High injury and illness rates in the ship building, ship repair, and ship dismantling industries
Work in shop, in yard, on ship
Small shipyard <100, Large shipyards 5,000+
NIOSH Research study to better understand the relationship between high rates in OSHA 200 logs (1999 & 2000), and the associated job risk factors.
Ergonomic Best Industrial Practices, or intervention strategies were developed to reduce injury/illness.
Phase I - Qualitative Assessment of job risk factors, Phase II - Quantitative Assessment of engineering and administrative controls.

3. Ergonomic Exposures Shipyards and Shipbuilding NIOSH Study
Participants (8+ shipyards, 3 trade associations, 5 Labor Unions, Gov’t/Sponsor: NSC, OSHA, NIOSH, Navy, Maritime Advisory Committee on OSH)
OSHA 200 Recordable Injury/Illness Logs
Prelim Survey with Quantitative Risk Factor Analysis
Interim Survey Reports with Recommendations
Final Survey Reports with Ergonomic Interventions for Ship Repair Processes

4. Potential Syndromes
Early indications – numbness, tingling, pain, joint restriction soft tissue swelling
Common
Shoulder pain – e.g. rotator cuff tendinitis
Lower extremity MSD’s, lower back strains & sprains Due in part to constant kneeling on metal or other hard surfaces, there is a high percentage of lower extremity injuries in shipyards.
Hand-arm vibration – “vibration white finger”

5. Area Types Block Assembly Shop Building Dock Fabrication Shop
Outfitting Center
Shipboard
Subassembly Shop

6. Job Tasks, Risks Adjustable work surface/workstation - stable
Cables – miles, spools several hundred pounds
storage neat – forklift pickup minimize material handling, bridges, adjustable spool holder
Coiled hammer handle
Crane use
Elevated / Overhead work - awkward postures, ladder used long time
Large Crane Capacity – to reduce #blocks for ship, more work done dockside before lifted in place
Marking welds on floor – bending over – use stick
Paint - carrying & lifting

7. Job Tasks with Risks
Powered Manlifts – stable work platform vs time and stability of scaffolding in place long time
Pre-assembly – to reduce confined, awkward posture
Rotating engine stand modify for heavy ship doors
Shear presses – Rollers on back so metal not on floor
Stairs vs Elevator, carrying tools
Tilting pallet jack – for large metal supply bins
Welding
adjustable, knee pads,
plasma/laser cut edges instead of grinding
automated, robotic, on booms, mobile wire leads on pulleys,
Welding units storage – in locker unit lifted onto deck
Wheeled stool

8. Examples

9. Examples

10. Examples

11. Causes of Ergonomic Syndromes
Overhead work = poor posture for neck, shoulders, arms
grinding
Heavy lifting, carrying = stress to hand, arm, back
Force
Repetition
Awkward and prolonged static body posture
Contact Stress
Vibration
Cold temperatures combined

12. Predisposing Factors
MSDs May be related to genetic causes, gender, age, and other factors (health)
Psychosocial factors evidence – job dissatisfaction, monotony, limited job control
Activities outside the workplace

13. Prevention Methods
Prevention methods including, available Fixes (tools out there, your own suggestions, etc.), and associated costs of this equipment
Knee Pads
Rollers for cut metal, equipment
Tidy storage on pallet, etc. for forklift
Move work or workstation to worker
Automate steps – like welding
Change process to prevent additional steps,
Store items indoors, no need to remove corrosion
Change cut method to reduce grinding

14. References
NIOSH Division of Applied Research and Technology. (Oct. 7, last reviewed). Retrieved Oct. 13, 2016 from ml
OSHA. (2008). Guidelines for Shipyards, Ergonomics for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Retrieved Oct. 4, 2016, from grocery.html