1. Ergonomics Awareness Education For employees and supervisors

2. By the end of this presentation you will be able to… Define ergonomics and its benefits Identify parts of the body that get injured at work Identify work activities that can lead to injury

3. By the end of this presentation you will be able to: List examples of ergonomic principles that reduce risk of injury Participate in your company’s ergonomic efforts Recognize and report signs and symptoms of injury early

4. Introduction Definition of ergonomics Benefits of ergonomics

5. You can play an important part You can help… –Find any problems in your job –Find solutions to these problems –Make sure the solutions work

6. Ergonomics… …is the science and practice of designing jobs and workplaces to match the capabilities and limitations of the human body. Ergonomics means “fitting the job to the worker”

7. Risk of injury - Heavy lifting Cart reduces risk of injury Ergonomics at Work

8. Benefits of ergonomics Ergonomics helps to prevent injuries Ergonomics has other benefits –Improved quality of work –Improved quality of life –Reduced fatigue and discomfort

9. Injuries and risk factors WMS DWMSDsWhat are Work-related Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (WMSDs)? Common types and symptoms of injury Causes and prevention of injury

10. What are Work-related Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (WMSDs)? WMSDs are also known as: –Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) –Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs) –Overuse injuries They are soft tissue injuries which occur gradually

11. WMSDs are occupational disorders of the soft tissues: muscles tendons ligaments joints blood vessels nerves WMSDs

12. What causes WMSDs? –Heavy, Frequent, or Awkward Lifting –Pushing, Pulling or Carrying Loads –Working in Awkward Postures –Hand Intensive Work

13. Risk Factors Risk of injury depends upon: –Duration of exposure –Frequency of exposure –Intensity of exposure –Combinations of risk factors A link to a PowerPoint slide show which will give you guidelines for exposure to different WMSD risk factors is

14. Duration Duration - usually need hours of exposure before risk factors become a concern Can be all at one time or cumulative over the day

15. Frequency Frequency is often a concern in: assembly tasks sorting tasks loading or off-loading materials inventorying products product stocking software programming telemarketing customer service

16. Intensity Intensity refers to: weight in pounds of items lifted or carried grip or pinch force of lifted or manipulated items vibration level (meters/second 2 ) force on keys when typing

17. Risk factors for WMSDs Heavy, frequent or awkward lifting

18. Heavy lifting

19. Frequent lifting Lifting more than twice per minute

20. Awkward lifting Lifting above the shoulders, below the knees or at arms’ length

21. Alternatives to lifting Use carts, handtrucks, hoists, conveyors or other mechanical assistance Slide objects instead of lifting them Store heavy items where you won’t have to bend or reach to lift them Use ladders to get items down from high shelves

22. Ergonomics at Work - Reducing heavy lifting Mechanical assistance

23. Ergonomics at Work - Reducing awkward lifting Mini-pallet for hand truck

24. Risk factors for WMSDs Awkward postures

25. Neutral Posture Standing neutral postureSeated neutral posture

26. Awkward Posture Too low Too high Too far away

27. Awkward Postures - Low work Bending Kneeling Squatting

28. Reducing low work Raise and/or tilt the work for better access Use a stool for ground level work Use tools with longer handles Alternate between bending, kneeling, sitting, and squatting

29. Ergonomics at Work - Reducing low work Raise and tilt the work

30. Ergonomics at Work - Reducing low work Raise the work

31. Ergonomics at Work - Reducing low work Meter reader – golf club handle

32. Awkward Postures - High work

33. Use an elevated work platform or rolling stairs Use tools with longer handles Limit overhead storage to infrequently used items Bring the work down and tilt for easier access Reducing high work

34. Use a tool with longer handles Ergonomics at Work - Reducing high work

35. Fixture lift for overhead applications

36. Awkward Postures - Reaching

37. Keep items within close reach (design reach distance for the shortest worker) Remove obstacles Use gravity feed racks Reducing Reaching

38. Tilt table for sanding Ergonomics at Work - Reducing reaching

39. Risk factors for WMSDs Hand Intensive Work

40. Repetitive motionsGripping Pinching Bent wrists Hand Intensive Work

41. Hand Intensive Work – Highly repetitive motion

42. Reducing repetition Arrange work to avoid unnecessary motions Let power tools and machinery do the work Spread repetitive work out during the day Take stretch pauses Rotate task with co-workers if possible Change hands or motions frequently

43. Use power tools Ergonomics at Work - Reducing repetition

44. Hand Intensive Work – Gripping and Pinching A power grip is 5 times stronger than a pinch grip =

45. Hand Intensive Work – Gripping

46. Pinching with the fingertips

47. Other factors Your grip strength decreases when you: Bend your wrists Pick up slippery items Wear poorly fitting gloves Have cold hands

48. Reduce grip force Grip with the whole hand, not just the fingertips Pick up smaller loads Use carts or handtrucks instead of carrying Keep tools in good working order Use lighter tools or tool balancers Use two hands Keep your wrists straight

49. Avoid pinch grips Pick objects up from the bottom using whole hand Attach handles or use lift tools Build up handles on small tools to reduce grip force

50. Use clamps to hold onto work Place items on carts rather than carrying them Put down a tool when not actually using it Avoid holding onto objects for long periods

51. Tool Balancer Ergonomics at Work - Reducing gripping

52. Use a clamp or vise to hold parts

53. Change pinching to gripping Ergonomics at Work - Reducing pinching

54. Hand Intensive Work – Bent Wrists

55. Tool use example Working with bent wrists decreases grip strength Use tools that let you keep your wrist straight

56. Re-orient the object Ergonomics at Work - Reducing bent wrists

57. Risk of injury goes up as you combine factors Repetition Gripping or Pinching Bent wrists Repetition Gripping or Pinching Repetition Risk Hand Intensive Work – Combinations

58. Intensive keying

59. Reducing intensive keying Use macros for common functions Spread keyboard work throughout the day Take stretch pauses Improve your posture and move around as much as possible

60. Risk factors for WMSDs Vibration

61. Moderate vibration High vibration

62. Reducing vibration Use low vibration tools if available Maintain tools Use anti-vibration gloves or tool wraps Keep hands warm

63. Risk factors for WMSDs Repeated impacts

64. Using the hand or knee as a hammer

65. Avoiding repeated impacts Use tools instead of your hand or knee

66. What you can do: Recognize and report symptoms Get involved in ergonomics

67. What are some of the symptoms of WMSDs? Discomfort Pain Numbness Tingling Burning Swelling Change in color Tightness, loss of flexibility

68. Symptom recognition and reporting Report symptoms if: –Pain is persistent, severe or worsening –Pain radiates –Symptoms include numbness or tingling –Symptoms keep you from sleeping at night

69. Why is it important to report symptoms? Acute injuries can easily become chronic injuries and can sometimes lead to disability, even surgery Early treatment is more successful

70. Getting involved Look at jobs Come up with solutions Work with solutions Take part in training Take responsibility for changing the way you do your job Help to make sure efforts are successful

71. Five key points to remember 1.Ergonomics can help you on your job 2.WMSDs can happen in jobs with risk factors 3.Risk factors can be reduced and WMSDs prevented 4.Reporting symptoms early is important 5.You can help your company put ergonomics changes into place