1. AFRICA AND THE WORLD.

2. VEGETATION OF AFRICA. Types of vegetation in Africa.
Tropical rainforest: this is found in Zaria Basin of Central Africa and the Coasts of West Africa. The forest is ever green with broad leaves. The forest has little undergrowth. Examples of the trees are Iroko, Obeche, Mahogany, Ebony etc

3. The Tropical Savannah(grassland): The grasses are tall but mixed with trees. The short trees are few and scattered. The trees are deciduous i.e they shed their leaves during the dry season to reduce water loss(transpiration). The typical trees are acacia, dum palm, baobab etc. this types of vegetation is found in parts of West Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa.

4. The Mediterranean Forest: this vegetation is found in the Northern and Southern parts of Africa. The dry summers and wet cool winters give rise to a peculiar type of vegetation consisting of trees and shrubs.

5. Desert vegetation: this appears in areas with an annual rainfall of less than 250mm. This amount of rainfall can hardly support vegetation. The few plants found are Xerophes(drought resistant plants like thorny bushes and the Cactus). The vegetation is sparse or scanty. This type of vegetation is found in the Sahara Namibia and Kalahari deserts.

6. Montane Vegetation: this is found on mountains of East Africa and Cameroun mountains. Thick forest is found on the windward side of the mountain and grass vegetation on the leeward side of the mountain.

7. The oceans and seas of the world.
The study of the water in the Oceans, the movement of water and the economic resources of the ocean is called OCEANOGRAPHY.
Types of oceans.
There are five main oceans and more than thirty seas in the world.

8. The five main oceans are:
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Artic
Antartic

9. Seas.
There are about 30 seas in the world. The largest and most significant of these is the Mediterranean sea. Some of the other seas are:

10. CONTINENTS OF THE WORLD
CONTINENTS (by size) #1 Asia - (44,579,000 sq km) #2 Africa - (30,065,000 sq km) #3 North America - (24,256,000 sq km) #4 South America - (17,819,000 sq km) #5 Antarctica - (13,209,000 sq km) #6 Europe - (9,938,000 sq km) #7 Australia/Oceania - (7,687,000 sq km)

11. CONTINENTS (by population) #1 Asia - (3,674,000,000) #2 Africa - (778,000,000) #3 Europe - (732,000,000) #4 North America - (483,000,000) #5 South America - (342,000,000) #6 Australia/Oceania - (31,000,000) #7 Antarctica - (0)

12. CONTINENTS (by the number of countries) #1 Africa - (53) #2 Europe - (46) #3 Asia - (44) #4 North America - (23) #5 Oceania - (14) #6 South America - (12)

13. MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE WORLD.
MINERALS
WHERE MOSTLY FOUND
SOME OF THEIR USEES
Iron Ore
U.S.A, France, Sweden, Luxemburg, USSR, Nigeria, Brazil, Liberia, Guinea, Venezuela, W. Australia.
1. Manufacture of vehicle and other machinery.
2. Heavy industrial products.
Petroleum
U.S.A, USSR, Nigeria, Venezuela, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Indonesia, Algeria, Britain.
Making of:
Fuel oil
Petrol and Spirit
Diesel
Asphail for road surfacing.
Lubrication oils
Synthetic rubber products and plastics
chemicals

14. Coal
China, Russia, USA, S. Africa, Australia, Zimbabwe, New-Zealand and Chile.
Fuel, Chemical e.g drugs and plastics, to produce electricity.
Copper
U.S.A, Russia, Zambia, Chile and Canada
Electrical industries.
Tin
Nigeria, Malaysia, Bolivia, Congo, Thailand
Tin plating
Paints and Dyes
Solders

15. Lead and Zinc
Russia, Peru, Mexico, Canada, U.S.A, Australia
Making batteries and cable cover, Wires, Paints, Galvanized sheet of iron.
Aluminum
U.S.A, W. Germany, Norway, Italy, Canada, Russia, Japan and France
Aircraft construction, Electrical purposes,
Gold
South Africa, Canada
Jewellery, Gold standard for currency system(in money)