1. Energy Access Global and Local Initiatives
Shafat Sultan
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) New Delhi
01 Feb 2012

2. Current Lighting Scenario
1.4 billion people without basic lighting worldwide
360 million people in India
-lack access to electricity
61 million rural households
-have no access to electricity and use kerosene for lighting
2.2 billion litres per year
-kerosene burned for lighting
Approx 5.5 million tonnes CO2

3. Lighting systems of more than one billion people

4. Cooking & Heating Energy : Current scenario
Traditional Biomass - primary source of energy for 2.4 billion people
Biomass - 11% contribution in the global final energy consumption (2001)
Latin America – 18%
Asia – 25%
Africa – 49%

5. Cooking and heating systems of more than two billion5

6. United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals
2012- UN declared Int’l year of Sustainable Energy for AIl
The UN MDGs are comprehensive and concrete goals adopted by world leaders and the international community. They provide a framework to address extreme poverty by the year 2015.

7. Defining universal energy access
Lighting
Grid extension
Mini grid access
Cooking
Off grid access
Improved technology options for cooking
Fuel switch for meeting thermal energy needs
Traditional sources of cooking
Access = available + affordable
A mix of these options will be crucial in achieving universal energy access by 2030/35

8. Incremental levels of access to energy services
Modern society needs
Modern energy services for many more domestic appliances, increased requirement for cooking and heating (space and water), private transportation (electricity usage is 2000 kWh per person per year )
Level 2
Productive needs
Electricity, modern fuels and other energy services to improve productivity e.g.: Agriculture: water pumping for irrigation, fertilizer, mechanized tilling Commercial agriculture processing, cottage industry Transport fuel
Level 1
Basic human needs
Electricity for lighting, health education and communication and community services (73 kWh per person per month)
Modern fuels and technologies for cooking and heating ( kg of modern fuel or improved biomass cook stove)
Steady move to clean energy resources at all stages
Energy for a Sustainable Future the Secretary-General’s Advisory Group On Energy And Climate Change (AGECC) Summary Report And Recommendations, 28 April 2010, New York

9. India’s Achievement in Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy Programmes /Systems
Cumulative Achievements as on 30th April 2011
Power from Renewable
Grid Interactive Renewable Power
In MW
Wind power
Small hydro power
Biomass power (agro-wastes/residues)
979.10
Bagasse cogeneration
Waste to power
72.46
Solar power
17.82
Subtotal (A)
B. Off grid/Distributed enewable power(including captive/CHP plants)
Biomass power/Cogeneration (Non-Bagasse)
267.08
Biomass gasifiers
128.16
U&I waste-to-energy
60.78
Rural waste-to-energy
0.45
Solar PV power plants and street lights(>1kW)
2.39
Aero-generators/hybrid systems
1.07
Subtotal (B)
459.93
Total (A+B)
Source : MNRE
Renewable Energy contributes 11.4 % in total energy generation in India

10. India’s Achievement in Renewable Energy Contd
Renewable Energy Programmes/ Systems
Cumulative Achievement
as on 30th April 2011
2. Remote Village Electrification
6446 villages
3. Decentralised energy systems
Family type biogas plants (in lakh)
43.10
SPV street lighting system (in nos.)
1,22,339
SPV home lighting system (in nos.)
6,69,400
SPV lanterns (in nos.)
8,13,380
SPV pumps (in nos.)
7495
SPV water heating-collector area (in million sq m)
3.53
Solar cookers (in lakh)
6.64
Wind pumps (in nos.)
1420
Source : MNRE

11. Conducive Policy framework …Contd
Remote Village Electrification Program (2004)
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidhyutikaran Yojana(2005)
Decentralized Distributed Generation (DDG) and Supply
Rural Household Electrification of Below Poverty Line Households
National Solar Mission
Create an enabling policy framework for the deployment of 20,000 MW of solar power by 2022
Promote programmes for off grid applications, reaching 1000 MW by 2017 and 2000 MW by 2022
Deploy 20 million solar lighting systems for rural areas by 2022

12. Solar Lighting Systems
Solar Lantern
Solar Home Lighting System
Solar Home Lighting System
Solar Street Lighting System

13. Solar based Mini-Grid system in India
Solar PV array
Battery Bank
Control room
Local distribution grid

14. Hybrid System at Sunderbans
Wind Diesel hybrid system
55 kW Solar and 3.5kW Wind Electric Generator based hybrid system

16. A Typical LaBL Solar Charging Station
LaBL Lanterns:
In-house Research and Quality Control
Designing and Customization
LaBL Solar Charging Station (SLCS)
One package = 50 lanterns

17. Solar Mobile Charging

18. LaBL: Bringing Technology to the Masses
Cost of Illuminating a village with 50 lanterns (INR in Thousands) 18

19. >800 Green jobs created 75 training & capacity bldg workshops held
LaBL Achievements across India
200,000 Lives Illuminated
700 Villages implemented
>800 Green jobs created
75 training & capacity bldg workshops held 17
States covered
40,000 households lit
-As of Sept 2011

20. Cooking and Heating
Metallic Cook stove in use
3 billion people dependent on direct burning of biomass
Approx 150 million rural households adversely impacted by biomass based cooking in India
Close to 2 million people die globally due to indoor air pollution – chief cause of ALRI
Parabolic solar cooker
Monitoring of IAP
A few thousand improved cook stoves installed
SHGs for manufacturing and marketing of stoves
Current commercial options cost around $40-$80
Focus on cost reduction to bring it down to $ 20
Focus on real time monitoring of cooking to claim C credits

21. TERI’s prototype ICs Single burner forced draft stove
Double burner forced draft stove
Efficiency – 35%
Price – INR (40 % less than a commercial model with comparable performance)
Field trials
Customization of technology to facilitate transition in the cooking regime
Training of stove builders

22. Improved cook stove models

23. Complexities
Adoption is difficult as it pertains to change in attitude and behaviour
Complex social, cultural and gender interactions
Affordability issues – makes technology development difficult
Environment an unlikely driver at the local level – more a development imperative
Motives for climate perspective not clearly understood – draw attention away from CO2 mitigation- not being taken forward in right earnest??
Climate concerns have not led to any major investments or support for cook stove initiatives

24. Way forward
Technology development – affordable and efficient options that meet global standards
Development of protocols, standards and benchmarks
Testing and certification systems
Recognition of BC mitigation in C trading
Setting up of financial mechanisms to support cook stove initiatives

25. Bio resource base in India
Biomass production – 840 million tons
(Firewood million tons)
(Agro residues 620 million tons)
Biomass at par with coal, but used inefficiently

26. Overview of Biomass Technology Research at TERI
Power Gasifier
Rural electrification (10-40 kWe)
Captive generation ( kWe)
Thermal Gasifier / Stove
About 12 biomass gasifier based packages developed
Oil replacement market
Energy Efficiency improvement
Bio-fuels
Technology development for ethanol production from ligno-cellulose material
Production of fuel oil from Biomass through Pyrolysis

27. Volunteers arranged in batches; Training/orientation provided
About LaBL ITP
Offers short term volunteering assignments 3 times a year (Summer; Autumn ; Winter) ; 4 weeks
Volunteers arranged in batches; Training/orientation provided
Assign a Point Person from the LaBL team to oversee work allocation
Undertake field / desk assignments and gain first-hand work experience

28. ITP Enrollment: How? Call for Application Screening and Shortlisting
Orientation & Training
Point persons assigned
Undertake assignments

29. TERI’s Initiative: India’s First Smart Mini-GridB C D E F
Ensuring
Maximum utilization of renewable energy
Improvement in overall system efficiency
Better autonomy and control to customers
Intelligent load and energy resource management through smart controllers and advanced control techniques
Minimum network disruptions and number of blackouts
10.5 kW crystalline SPV
1.0 kW Thin-film SPV
2.0 kW crystalline SPV
28.8 kWh Battery Bank
3.2 kW Wind Generator
100 kWe Biomass Gasifier
Diesel Gen-set

30. Smart Mini-Grid at TERI

31. GRIHA: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building ,and in turn ….measure “greenness” of a building in India
What gets measured gets managed

32. Highlights Set of 34 criteria
100 (+4 innovation points) point system with differential weightage on various criteria
Change the pie –flat top view
Change the fonts to arial 32 32

33. Weightage based on our National Priorities
GRIHA innovation points over and above 100 points

34. Key highlights of GRIHA
Sets out guidelines for design, construction and operation
Combination of qualitative and quantitative criteria
Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like, energy and water
Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on architecture with present day technology
Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards(e.g National building code 2005, Energy Conservation Building Code 2007, IS codes)
Is in complete alignment with government policies and programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF) 34

35. ADaRSH (Association for Development and Research of Sustainable Habitats
ADaRSH is an independent society, registered under the Societies Act, 1860
a platform for interaction on all relevant issues pertaining to sustainable habitats in the Indian context
Was founded jointly by MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India) and TERI (The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi) along with some of the experts in the fields related to sustainability of built-environment from across the country
ADaRSH promotes and manages GRIHA – The National Rating System (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) as a design and evaluation tool for green buildings and habitats, and administers the rating.

36. Thank You