2. Chapter 9
Tobacco
Lesson 9.1 The Health Effects of Tobacco Lesson 9.2 Why People Use Tobacco Lesson 9.3 Treating and Preventing Nicotine Addiction

3. The Health Effects of Tobacco
Lesson 9.1
The Health Effects of Tobacco

4. Warm-Up
Which parts of the body may be damaged by tobacco use over time?
Nervous system Eyes
Mouth
Lungs Cardiovascular system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Reproductive system
Other affected areas:
Endocrine system
Immune system
shutterstock.com/rui vale sousa

5. Tobacco Products Leaves of tobacco plants contain nicotine
Nicotine is an addictive, toxic substance
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6. Cigarettes Most common method of tobacco use
Other methods: cigars, pipes (including hookah pipes), smokeless tobacco, and electronic or e-cigarettes
thinkstock.com/iStock/pmphoto

7. Smokeless Tobacco
Chewing tobacco— strands of tobacco are chewed or held in the mouth
Snuff —finely ground tobacco is inhaled or held in the mouth
Nicotine is absorbed through mouth tissues
shutterstock.com/Shane Trotter

8. Hookah Pipe
As tobacco burns, smoke passes through a water chamber and cools before being inhaled
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9. Electronic Cigarettes
A liquid solution containing nicotine is vaporized and inhaled
Marketed as aid for smokers trying to quit
shutterstock.com/Sergey Ash

10. Myth or Fact?
The use of smokeless tobacco, hookah pipes, and e-cigarettes is safer, healthier, and less addictive than smoking cigarettes.
MYTH
Fact: Smokeless tobacco is linked to cancers of the oral cavity, throat, and digestive system.
Fact: Hookah smokers are exposed to at least as many toxins as cigarette smokers.
Fact: Each method can cause addiction since each delivers nicotine into the body.

11. Cardiovascular System
Smokers are twice as likely to die from heart attacks as nonsmokers
Carbon monoxide interferes with the oxygen-carrying ability of red blood cells so the heart receives less oxygen
shutterstock.com/BioMedical

12. How Nicotine Affects the Heart
Nicotine enters bloodstream
Blood vessels narrow and adrenaline is released
Heart and breathing rates, and blood pressure increase
Heart works harder to pump blood through body
Blood flow restricted by build- up of fatty deposits in vessel walls
Increased risk of heart attack or stroke

13. The Respiratory System
Air travels through the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and into the bronchi in the lungs
Respiratory and cardiovascular systems deliver oxygen to cells and remove and expel carbon dioxide
Click here for the “Airflow In and Out of the Lungs” animation
Body Scientific International, LLC

14. Gas Exchange in Lungs
Body Scientific International, LLC

15. Critical Thinking Which balloon best represents a smoker’s lung?
The balloon on the right is more like a lung damaged by smoking, which can’t hold as much oxygen as a healthy lung
thinkstock.com/iStock/Piotr Marcinski; thinkstock.com/iStock/T.W. van Urk

16. Lungs: Before and After Smoking
Over time, smoking damages the lungs
The healthy lung (left) belongs to a nonsmoker and the other is that of a smoker
Smoking during the teenage years can stunt the growth of the lungs
Science Source/Arthur Glauberman

17. 70 Carcinogens in Tobacco Smoke
Tar
Nicotine
Carcinogens
Carbon Monoxide
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18. Toxic Chemicals Found in Tobacco Products Also Found in…
Embalming fluid
Rat poison
Pesticides
Car exhaust
Lighter fluid
Battery acid
Nail polish remover
Road-paving material
Hair dye
Mothballs
Rocket fuel
Paint
Rubber cement
Battery acid
Household cleaners

19. Smoking-Related Diseases
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic bronchitis (bronchial tubes become swollen and irritated and pathways to lungs narrowed)
Emphysema (sacs of air in lung tissue are destroyed)
Lung Cancer
Abnormal cells grow rapidly and form a mass of cells, or tumor, that interferes with breathing

20. Click here for the Unit 4 video, “A Day in the Life”
Immune System
Smoking weakens immune system — organs, tissues, and cells that fight off disease-causing agents
Smokers get sick more often than nonsmokers
Click here for the Unit 4 video, “A Day in the Life”
thinkstock.com/iStock/ATIC12

21. Smokers are popular, sophisticated, and glamorous
Myth or Fact?
Smokers are popular, sophisticated, and glamorous
MYTH
Fact: Smokers often have yellow teeth, bad breath, smelly hair and clothes.
Fact: Smokers are viewed by other teens as unhealthy, foolish, and not very bright.
shutterstock.com/Nejron Photo

22. Impact of Secondhand Smoke
Secondhand smoke is dangerous
To protect the public, smoking is banned in many public areas
Those most harmed by secondhand smoke are infants, children, and pregnant women
shutterstock.com/Lester Balajadia

23. Children and Secondhand Smoke
Children regularly exposed to secondhand smoke have more
respiratory problems, including asthma attacks
ear infections
sore throats
shutterstock.com/Elena Kouptsova-Vasic

24. Pregnant Women and Smoking
Women who smoke while pregnant raise the risk their children will
be born prematurely
have a low birth weight
die of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
develop behavioral problems
thinkstock.com/iStock/Chris Williams

25. Critical Thinking How can you avoid secondhand smoke?
Avoid places where smoking is permitted
Don’t accept car rides from people who smoke while driving
Ask smokers to go outdoors to smoke
Increase indoor air circulation to dissipate smoke
Support smokers who want to quit
shutterstock.com/Thomas Lauridsen

26. Lesson 9.2
Why People Use Tobacco

27. Addiction Each day in the United States,
3,200 teenagers smoke their first cigarette
2,100 teenagers and young adults who were occasional smokers become daily smokers
Yet 9 out of 10 teenagers do not smoke

28. Four Stages of Substance Abuse1
Experimentation
User uses a substance “just to try it” 2
Regular Use
User develops habit of regularly using substance 3
Tolerance
User’s body needs more and more of substance to achieve the same effects 4
Dependency and Addiction
User relies on the substance to function or feel “normal”
Habit interferes with personal responsibilities and relationships

29. Critical Thinking
What is a physical versus a psychological dependence?
Dependence is physical when the body needs a certain amount of a substance to function normally; psychological dependence causes people to believe they need a substance to feel “normal”
shutterstock.com/studio online

30. Social Factors Parents’ attitudes Friends and peers
Teens who have friends who smoke are much more likely to smoke themselves
shutterstock.com/Pavel L Photo and Video

31. Treating and Preventing Nicotine Addiction
Lesson 9.3
Treating and Preventing Nicotine Addiction

32. Benefits of Quitting Within days of quitting,
blood pressure and heart rate decrease
coughing abates
Within a year of quitting,
risk of heart attack and cancer decrease
shutterstock.com/Gang Liu

33. Treating Nicotine Addiction
Nicotine replacement
Examples: Nicotine gum and nicotine patch
Medication
Drugs help smokers cope with withdrawal symptoms
shutterstock.com/bikeriderlondon

34. Treating Nicotine Addiction
Self-Management Strategies
Stimulus control, or avoiding tempting situations
Response substitution, or substituting smoking with stress management, relaxation, and coping skills
shutterstock.com/Oguz Dikbakan

35. Critical Thinking What resources can smokers use to quit?
Individual and group counseling
School guidance counselors
Doctors
Telephone helplines
Online resources
shutterstock.com/Djomas

36. Prevention
Close to 90% of adults who smoke regularly had their first cigarette by 18 years of age
Prevention is the best way to reduce the smoking rate

37. Government-Based Strategies
Banning the sale of tobacco products (to people younger than 18 years of age, for example)
Banning smoking in public places
Increasing taxes on cigarettes
Requiring warning labels on packaging
Mass media antismoking campaigns

38. Disadvantages of Smoking
Many nonsmoking teens view smoking as “gross”
8 in 10 eighth graders surveyed said they prefer to date people who do not smoke
thinkstock.com/iStock/Martin Novak

39. Smoking and Your Wallet
Pack of cigarettes costs between $5 and $14, depending on local tax rates
Cost of a pack-a-day habit at $7 a pack:
$213 per month
$2,557 per year
$25,570 per decade

40. Social Costs of Tobacco Use
One-half million adults will die prematurely from smoking this year
Total economic costs due to tobacco are over $289 billion a year
—2014 Surgeon General’s Report
shutterstock.com/baur

41. Critical Thinking Research and Calculate per month per year per decade
Figure out the financial cost of a pack-a-day habit in your area:
per month
per year
per decade
shutterstock.com/Hurst Photo

42. Refusal Skills
Make sure people know you don’t want to use tobacco or breathe secondhand smoke
Firmly explain your reasons for not smoking and stick to your decision
Imagine situations in which you are offered tobacco and practice your responses

43. Refusal Phrases “No, thanks...
I want to keep my lungs in peak condition for [insert sport or activity].”
I don’t want my hair, clothes, and breath to smell like cigarettes.”
I like my lungs. I don’t want to damage them.”

44. What other words can you use to turn down an offer of a tobacco product? What body language can you use to reinforce your words?
shutterstock.com/milias1987

45. Literacy and Critical Thinking Skills
Tobacco companies make products, such as flavored cigars and cigarettes, that appeal to young people
To counter this, think critically about tobacco products and messages from tobacco companies
shutterstock.com/vidguten