1. Caring for individuals with additional needs
Unit 26
Definitions of disability and dependency models

2. Lesson Objectives
Describe the medical and social models of disability.
Recognise the impact of these models on the individual and on service provision.
Describe the theory of normalisation/social role valorisation.
Describe a holistic approach to care.

3. P2\P3 Assignment Task
In your role as a health and social care professional in a day centre you
have been asked to prepare a booklet to explain to new volunteers
working with people with additional needs:
the models of disability
the barriers which affect the lives of individuals with additional needs.
You should produce an information booklet that describes models of
disability and an explanation of the barriers which affect the lives of
individuals.
In your booklet you should make use of visual imagery as appropriate.

4. M1 Assignment Task
To achieve the M1 grade, you should extend the information provided in your booklet produced for P2 and P3. You should assess the barriers that you have explained which may be experienced by individuals with additional needs and relate these to the models of disability that you have described
Explain assignment tasks
Introduce guest speaker

5. Rachel’s Story Rachel’s story Question and answer with the group
What do they feel after watching this documentary.
Split the group into small groups.
Give out posters and pens.
Groups to start to put together a poster to display on the wall which will highlight the types of barriers that people with disabilities might experience.
Get computers if possible if not book computers so that they can use them in the library to research articles.

6. Task: In small groups put yourselves in the shoes of a person with additional needs. In your group create a mind map of the types of barriers that you might experience in all aspects of your life.
Need pens and paper
Small groups of 3
30 mins to complete the exercise
Feedback to whole group and create 1 whole mind map on the smart board for placing on the wiki 6

7. Barriers experienced by people with disabilities

8. Task
In your small groups for the rest of the session you will be researching and creating a poster for display which highlights the types of barriers that people with additional needs face.
You need to give an example for each type of barrier that you have highlighted making use of visual images and “real life” cases wherever possible.

9. Models of disability
Question: What is a model? A human construction or theory which helps us to understand or make sense of the real world around us.

10. Models of disability Medical Social Normalisation
Ask the groups to think about any models they may have looked at in unit 2 Equality and Diversity in year 1 and list them – whole group question and answer

11. The Medical Model and the Social Model
Task:
In groups of 3 you need to consider what are the key words you might use that relate to service users with additional needs which might relate to the medical model/social model of disability.
You should put these keywords on the sheets provided.
Provide mind maps as handouts with centre headings – medical and social models.
Individual small group work start this off. Then whole group feedback to the white board. Students to come up and write key words on the board.
Students to then create their own theory sheet relating to both types of models.
Explain that they are both ways of looking at the theory of disability. Relate back to the definitions of disability.

12. Impact
What do you think the impact of these two models might be on the individual. Put yourself in the person’s shoes. How do you think that these models might affect your life.
Handouts – effects
Question to whole group – keywords to white board.

13. Normalisation Relates to people with a learning disability.
“the utilisation of means which are culturally normative as possible, in order to establish and/or maintain personal behaviours and the characteristics which are as culturally normative as possible”
Wolfensberger 1972, p28
Theory that I am very familiar with.
Ask the group what they think normalisation might be about?????? Ask them if they think is a useful/good word?
What image does it conjour up????
Came on the back of a paper called “Better services for the mentally handicapped” in 1971 which was the first piece of legislation since the mental deficiency acts of 1913.
An old theory that was given new legs by wolfensberger in 1972
Give quote and then ask what the heck does this mean.
Open question to the floor.
He went on later to change this concept to something called Social Role Valorisation

14. Normalisation/SRV
A normal rhythm to the day that fits into the norms of the particular society that the person is living in.
This later became the theory of Social Role Valorisation in 1983
Explain own practice in Dean Hill hospital and how this was not a normal rhythm to the day e.g risk taking, getting up going to bed, working, earning money etc.
Social Role Valorisation – to prevent people from being cast in damaging social roles and to establish them in positive and culturally values social roles in all areas of life.

15. Normalisation/SRV Community Presence Choice Competence Respect
Community Participation
O’Brian and Tyne’s Five Service Accomplishments (1981) Cited in Emerson 1992.
Ask for any questions – recap theory. Ask what people with learning disabilities should expect in day to day life – take it down to basics. What would a person with a learning disability expect.

16. Holistic Approach to Care
Caring for the WHOLE person taking into account their:
Physical
Emotional/Psychological
Social
Spiritual
What is a holistic approach to caring for a person with additional needs?
Ask the whole group the question.
Explain this concept. Talk about it not being just concentrating on one thing. Ask the students to think about when this happens.
In what care concepts.

17. Exercise
Individually think about the theories and models we have looked at today.
What impact might these theories and models have on the provision of services?
Think about key words/concepts that would describe the impact or influence of these models/theories that services users receive.
Final exercise
Impact words:
Financial
Social
Integration
Work
Education
Social standing
Indivduality
Need for personal staff
Individual budgets.