1. Chapter 15
Alcohol

2. Why do we talk about alcohol?
Underage drinking is widespread
According to the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 35.1 percent of 15-year-olds report that they have had at least 1 drink in their lives.
About 8.7 million people ages 12–20 (22.7 percent of this age group) reported drinking alcohol in the past month (23 percent of males and 22.5 percent of females).
Why do we talk about alcohol?

3. Why do we talk about alcohol?
Young people drink a lot
According to the 2013 NSDUH, approximately 5.4 million people (about 14.2 percent) ages 12–20 engaged in binge drinking (15.8 percent of males and 12.4 percent of females).
According to the 2013 NSDUH, approximately 1.4 million people (about 3.7 percent) ages 12–20 engaged in heavy drinking (4.6 percent of males and 2.7 percent of females).
Why do we talk about alcohol?

4. Young People and Alcohol
Young People Drink A Lot (Continued…)
People aged 12 to 20 years old drink 11% of all alcohol consumed in U.S.
The Youth Risk Behavior Survey conducted in 2013, discovered that among high school students in the past 30 days:
35% drank alcohol
21% participated in binge drinking
10% drove after drinking
22% rode with an intoxicated driver
Young People and Alcohol

5. Why do we talk about alcohol?
Underage drinking risks include:
Death – 4,358 people under age 21 die each year from alcohol-related car crashes, homicides, suicides, alcohol poisoning, and other injuries such as falls, burns, and drowning.
Serious injuries – More than 190,000 people under age 21 visited an emergency room for alcohol-related injuries in 2010 alone
Why do we talk about alcohol?

6. Every day, almost 30 people in the United States die in motor vehicle crashes that involve an alcohol-impaired driver. This amounts to one death every 51 minutes.
Of the 3.9 million Americans who received treatment for a substance abuse problem in 2005, 2.5 million of them were treated for alcohol use
Because of the astounding 80,000 deaths that are related to alcohol abuse every year, alcohol abuse is the third highest cause of death in the U.S.
Facts

7. Drug: a chemical substance that is taken to cause changes in a person’s body or behavior
Depressant: drug that slows down brain and body reactions
In slowing the body’s normal reactions, alcohol may cause confusion, decreased alertness, poor coordination, blurred vision, and drowsiness
Alcohol is a Drug

8. Production and Content
Fermentation: microorganisms called yeast feed on the sugars in foods such as malted grains, grapes or berries
Not all alcoholic beverages contain the same amount of alcohol
12 ounce beer contains 4% ounce of alcohol
1.25 ounce shot of liquor contains 40% of alcohol
5 ounce glass of wine contains 10% alcohol
Production and Content

10. Zero-tolerance policy: students face stiff consequences starting with the first time they are caught with alcohol or other drugs
The attitudes of peers, family, and the media strongly influence underage drinking
How?
Teens & Alcohol

11. Risks Underage drinking is the leading cause of death among teens
Underage drinking can increase a teen’s risks in the following areas:
Being injured or killed in a motor vehicle accident
Committing or being a victim of sexual assault
Long-term brain damage
Problems with alcohol later in life
Suspension from school, sports, etc.
Legal Risks
Heavy fines and seizure of property
Risks

12. Mississippi Law: In lieu of the usual fines ($200-$500) and penalties, a trial judge may suspend an offending minor’s driver’s license for up to 90 days and place the defendant on probation subject to conditions the trial judge deems appropriate
In Missouri, any minor who violates Missouri's MIP statutes will be guilty of a misdemeanor and can face up to $1000 in fines and up to 1 year in jail.
In Arkansas, Penalties for violating Arkansas MIP laws: 1. You will be subject to a fine of not less than $100 and not more than $ The magistrate or judge can impose either of the following penalties: A. Require the person under age 21 to write an essay about beer, wine, or liquor. B. Place the person under age 21 on probation
Law Facts

13. DeSoto County School District Alcohol Policy
Level IV
Possession, use or under the influence of alcohol, counterfeit drugs, illegal drugs, narcotics, controlled substance(s) or paraphernalia.
Aggravated assault to a student
Assault on a school employee
Using profane, obscene, indecent, immoral, or offensive language and/or gestures directly to a staff member
DeSoto County School District Alcohol Policy

14. DeSoto County Schools Consequences
Any student in violation of the above shall be suspended by the principal for three days and ordered to appear for a disciplinary hearing before a District Hearing Officer
Minimum: Assignment to the DeSoto County Alternative Center and report will be made to the appropriate law enforcement authorities
Maximum: Expulsion
DeSoto County Schools

15. Influences Peer Pressure Family Media Cultures
The highest drinking age is 25 in some regions of some countries, including parts of India.
In most countries, the age at which alcohol can be consumed is 18.
When it comes to purchasing alcohol, the lowest age is 16, and this is the minimum age in many European countries including Belgium, Spain, and Austria
Influences

16. Anyone under the age of 21 should be careful of taking out trash bags in Missouri. If you are under 21 and the garbage contains an empty bottle of alcohol, you can be charged with illegal possession of alcohol.
Most vegetable and almost all fruits contain a small amount of alcohol in them.
The alcohol content of a typical beer, wine or spirits are virtually identical. To a breathalyzer, a drink is a drink is a drink.
Did You Know?

17. Many high school cafeterias in Europe serve alcohol to students who choose to drink
In some European countries McDonald’s serves alcohol. Some parents like to drink alcohol while kids munch on fries and chicken nuggets.
Did You Know?

18. Section 2

19. Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Intoxication: state in which a person’s mental and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or another substance
Blackout: period of time that the drinker cannot recall
Alcohol’s Effects on the Body

20. Blood Alcohol Concentration
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC): amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage
The rate of alcohol consumptions, the gender and size of the drinker, and how much food is in the stomach all affect BAC
Blood Alcohol Concentration

21. Blackout Facts Two types
Fragmentary blackouts: people can remember events once they are reminded of them
En bloc blackouts: people cannot remember anything about a certain period of time even when reminded of them
Blackout suffers may be able to partake in discussions, send texts, , and play games but they are not creating any memories of the events
Blackouts occur when there is a spike in alcohol content. Blackouts begin to occur at a .15 BAC which is nearly twice the legal limit
Blackout Facts

22. Avoiding Blackouts Having a full stomach helps
Drink less and at a slower rate
People who experience a blackout can become sober and then revert back to a blackout state
Avoiding Blackouts

23. People who have a few drinks in one hour have a higher BAC than people who drink the same amount over several hours
Males generally will have a lower BAC than females
In general, a smaller person, by weight and height, will feel the effects of alcohol more than larger people
Drinking on an empty stomach increases the rate of alcohol absorption into the bloodstream, therefore increasing the BAC level
BAC

24. True or False
Taking a cold shower will sober a person up more quickly.
Drinking coffee will sober a person up more quickly.
Letting a person get some fresh air will sober them up more quickly.
Hangover: the aftereffects of drinking too much alcohol.
Nausea, upset stomach, headache, and sensitivity to noise and light
BAC

25. BAC Facts A BAC of .40% or higher can be life threatening
For women of average size, no more than one standard drink per hour should be consumed in order to stay under the limit.
A BAC level of can cause reflexes and alertness to decline
A BAC of .50 or higher is when death usually occurs
BAC Facts

26. Life-Threatening Effects
About 40% of teen deaths in motor vehicle crashes are alcohol related
Intoxication increases the risk of death from motor vehicle crashes, alcohol overdose, and interactions of alcohol with other drugs
Seven teens ages 16 to 19 die every day from motor vehicle injuries. So imagine the rate when alcohol is involved
Life-Threatening Effects

27. Life-Threatening Effects
Driving while intoxicated (DWI): A driver over age 21 caught driving with a BAC that exceeds the legal limit of 0.08 is charged with a DWI
Zero-Tolerance Laws: For drivers under 21, the consumption or purchase of alcohol is ILLEGAL IN ALL STATES. The legal BAC for a person under 21 is 0.00%
Life-Threatening Effects

28. Life-Threatening Effects
Overdose: taking an excessive amount of a drug that leads to coma or death
Alcohol overdose, or alcohol poisoning, can cause the heart and breathing to stop
Binge drinking: consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol at one sitting
Teens enter comas at lower BAC rates than adults
Life-Threatening Effects

29. Life-Threatening Facts
Teen alcohol use kills about 4,700 people each year, more than all illegal drugs combined
83 underage college students died from alcohol poisoning from 1999 to 2005
Treatment of alcohol poisoning
insert a tube into their windpipe to help them breathe
fit an intravenous drip, which goes directly into a vein, to top up their water, blood sugar and vitamin levels
fit a catheter (thin tube) to their bladder to drain urine straight into a bag so they don't wet themselves
pump their stomach by flushing fluids through a tube inserted into their nose or mouth
Life-Threatening Facts

30. Section 3

31. BAC is more a reliable measure of intoxication than the number of drinks consumed
BAC FACT

32. Long-term alcohol abuse may harm the brain, liver, heart, and digestive system
Brain damage
Alcohol damages brain cells that normally do not grow back.
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Group of birth defects caused by the effects of alcohol on an unborn child
Long-Term Risks

33. Long-Term Risks Liver damage
Cirrhosis: fat-filled liver cells die, leaving behind useless scar tissue
Heart disease
Digestive problems
Long-Term Risks

34. Brain Damage Long-term alcohol abuse destroys nerve cells in the brain
Could causes permanent changes that impair memory, the ability to concentrate, and the ability to make sound judgements
Brain Damage

35. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Drinking any amount of alcohol during pregnancy may cause fetal alcohol syndrome
Babies born with this defect may suffer from heart defects, malformed faces, delayed growth, and poor motor development
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

36. Cirrhosis: fat-filled liver cells die, leaving behind useless scar tissue
May lead to liver failure and death
Liver Damage

37. Heart Disease Leading cause of death in the United States
Alcohol causes increased blood pressure and heart rate, irregular heartbeat, and a buildup of fatty deposits in the heart muscle
Heart Disease

38. Irritates the tissues that line the digestive system
Chronic indigestion, heartburn, or ulcers
Digestive Problems

39. Alcoholism Alcoholism: you can no longer control their use of alcohol
Tolerance: when repeated uses of alcohol cause the brain to become reduced
Alcoholism

40. Dependence: brain develops a chemical need for alcohol and cannot function normally without it
Addiction: drinker no longer has control over his or her drinking
Alcoholism

41. Who is at risk? Anyone who drinks is at risk of becoming an alcoholic
Alcoholism is four to five times more common among the children of alcoholics than in the general population
Attitudes towards drinking and the availability of alcohol in the home play a strong role in determining whether or not a person will develop a drinking problem.
Who is at risk?

42. Stages of Alcoholism Stage 1: Problem Drinking
Stage 2: Absolute Dependence
Stage 3: Late Stage of Alcoholism
Reverse Tolerance: less and less alcohol causes intoxication
Stages of Alcoholism

43. What would your life look like if you became an alcoholic?

44. In one year, alcohol-related crimes, medical expenses, lost productivity on the job, and motor vehicle crashes cost the United States over 220 billion dollars
About one in every five Americans grows up in an alcoholic family
Effects on Others

45. There are 3 stages in an alcoholic’s recovery: acknowledging the problem, detoxification, and rehabilitation
Treatment

46. Treatment Detoxification: removing all alcohol from a person’s body
Person will suffer from withdrawals, group of symptoms that occur when a dependent person stops taking a drug
Rehabilitation: process of learning to cope with everyday living without alcohol
Support Groups
Treatment

47. Choosing Not to Drink

48. Abstaining Refusal Skills: skilled needed to say NO (page 378-379)
Prepare for pressure
Stick to your decision
Abstaining

49. Abstaining Avoid high pressure situations
Avoiding situations in which alcohol is present will help you stay alcohol free. It will also help you avoid related risks, like being injured by someone who has been drinking
Find alternatives to parties
Refuse rides from drinkers
Abstaining