1. Theme of the lecture:
"Forensic
toxicology "
Professor Z.A. Giyasov

2. The purpose of the lecture:
Familiarize with the forensic toxicology necessary for the activities of a general practice doctor.

3. Plan of the lecture: 1. The concept of poison and poisoning 2.
Toxicology and direction 3.
Factors affecting the development of poisoning 4.
Toxicodynamics, toxicokinetics 5.
Steps of the proof in case of poisoning. 6.
Classification of toxic agents. 7.
Food poisoning. 8.
Alcohol poisoning 9.
Overdose by narcotic drugs

4. Toxicology:
- Court
     - Industry
        - Agriculture
           - Home
               - Food
                  - Military

5. Factors affecting the development of
poisoning:
A. dependent by poison
B. dependent by body
C. dependent by route of introduction
D. dependent by the environmental conditions.

6. Factors depending on poison:1)
quantity 2)
concentration 3)
aggregate state 4)
solubility 5)
vehiculum 6)
cummulation 7)
stability

7. Factors depending on the body:1)
age 2)
weight 3)
sex 4)
disease 5)
gastric contents 6)
genetic features 7)
idiosyncrasy 8)
tolerance 9)
tachyphylaxis

8. Toxicodynamics poison
primary action
 sequence activity
 remote effect

9. Tropism of the poisons
Compound of arsenium- blocks - SH groups of enzymes
  cyanides - blocks cytochrome oxidase
  POS- blocking cholinesterase
  botulinum toxin - inhibits secretion
                                                                acetylcholine
  curare - inhibits the action of acetylcholine
                                                receptors in muscles

10. Toxicokinetics poisons methanol formaldehyde
CH3OH CH2O (H2C-O)
methanol formaldehyde
C2H5OH CH3 – CHO
ethanol acetaldehyde
CH2OH COOH
ethyleneglycol oxalic acid

11. Deposition of toxins in the body
fat-soluble toxins
(benzene, CCl4 dichloroethane)
                        -PKZHK, brain,
liver
water-soluble poisons
                       - Brain, liver,
kidney, muscle,
As, Pb, P
- Hair, bones

12. Elimination of toxins from the body
lungs Volatile, gaseous poisons
GIT Alkaloids
                                                   heavy metals
bile Alcohol, drugs,
                                                                     essential oils
saliva, breast Alcohol, drugs,
                                                           heavy metals
sweat glands Phenol, halides
kidneys non-volatile, water-soluble
poison

13. 2. post-mortem examination
Steps of the proof
  for poisoning
1. CSI
2. post-mortem examination
3. laboratory studies

14. Classification agents
Local - caustic
II. General - resorptive:
a) destructive
b) Blood
c) functional

15. Carboxyhemoglobin forming methemoglobin forming hemolytic other
Blood poisons 1.
Carboxyhemoglobin forming 2.
methemoglobin forming 3.
hemolytic 4.
other

16. acting on the CNS and PNS
Functional poisons 1.
paralyzing CNS 2.
CNS stimulants 3.
CNS depressants 4.
acting on the CNS and PNS

17. Food poisoning toxicoinfections intoxications I. Bacterial: II.а)
toxicoinfections б)
intoxications
II.
Non-bacterial
Vegetable origin
Animal origin в)
impurities:
1) chemical
2) vegetable

18. Poisoning by
  alcohol 1.
Period of resorption 2.
Period of elimination

19. Death associated with taking
   alcohol 1.
poisoning 2.
contributing factor in various diseases. 3.
reflex sudden death

20. Calculation of ethyl alcohol
CТ = С 0 – βT
A = P * τ ( CТ + βT)
A = P * τ ( CТ + βT)+ АS
АS = а * б
1000

21. Narcotic drug acidotic Defeat CNS 1. 2. 3. Clinical stages
methanol poisoning 1.
Narcotic drug 2.
acidotic 3.
Defeat CNS

22. ethylene glycol poisoning
Clinical stages
ethylene glycol poisoning 1.
intoxication 2.
hidden 3.
cerebral phenomenon 4.
Defeat liver, kidney,

23. Narcotic Drugs: 1.
Sedative action 2.
Psychostimulant action

24. Narcotic drugs 1.
natural
- morphine, hashish, cocaine, thebaine, codeine, omnopon (the amount of opium alkaloids) 2.
semisynthetic
- Heroin, mescaline, ephedrine 3.
synthetic
- Amphetamines, methadone, LSD, promedol, methaqualone

25. DRD - drug related death
(death associated with taking
  drugs)

26. death due to prolonged use
DRD - versions 1.
overdose 2.
death due to prolonged use 3.
aggravating factor in the non-violent death 4.
murder 5.
suicide 6.
accident

27. Non-specific changes:
Overdose
specific changes
Non-specific changes:
a) associated with the regular introduction of foreign substances into the body
b) infectious diseases related to drug use
c) related with drug addicts lifestyle