1. 3.1 Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere

2. A wave is a disturbance in the air
A wave is a disturbance in the air. A wavelength is the distance from the top of one wave to another.

3. Electromagnetic waves are electricity and magnetism moving together.

4. The Electromagnetic Spectrum compares the size of the wavelength to the amount of energy
IIR
of energy it produces.

5. Radiant energy from the Sun consists of Infrared Radiation (IR) Ultraviolet Light (UV) Visible Light

6. Infrared radiation (IR)
Long wave lengths/low energy
Transfers thermal energy or heat
energy from the sun is absorbed by Earth and reflected back to the atmosphere as IR

7. Ultraviolet Light (UV)
Short wavelengths/high energy
Can break chemical bonds
Can burn skin and cause skin cancer

8. Visible Light The majority of sunlight is visible light.
Light we can see
It has a medium wavelength

9. Each color has a different wavelength
Water vapor in the atmosphere breaks apart wavelengths creating colors of the rainbow

10. How do we see color?

11. The human eye and brain together translate light into color
The human eye and brain together translate light into color. Light receptors within the eye transmit messages to the brain. The surface of an object reflects some colors and absorbs all the others. You see only the reflected color

12. White is all the colors combined and reflected back to your eye
White is all the colors combined and reflected back to your eye. Black is the result of all colors absorbed and therefore the absence of color of an object.

13. Energy on Earth As solar radiation passes through the atmosphere,
some of it is absorbed by gases and particles and
some of it is reflected back into Space

14. Absorption - to take in
Oxygen, Ozone, and water vapor all absorb incoming UV light
Water and Carbon Dioxide absorb some IR
Only about 50% of solar radiation reaches and is absorbed
by the surface of Earth

15. Reflection – to bounce back
Clouds and other small particles in the air reflect some of the solar radiation
Some radiation travels to Earth and is then reflected by water, snow, ice and bright surfaces

16. The Greenhouse Effect A greenhouse is a building used to grow plants.
Sunlight passes through the greenhouse covering and is converted into heat.

17. How the greenhouse effect works:
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane allow sunlight to pass through the atmosphere, but they prevent the IR (heat) from escaping back out into space.

18. If the amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are increased, then even more of the heat energy of the sunlight is prevented from escaping into space, causing a further warming of the atmosphere.

19. How do the amount of greenhouse gases continue to rise?
Burning of fossil fuels
Deforestation
Pesticides Pollution

21. Thermal Energy Transfer Thermal Energy always travels from an object with a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature

22. Three Forms of Energy Transfer Radiation, Conduction, and Convection
Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves

23. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy by collision or touching of particles of matter.
Conduction occurs when the atmosphere touches the surface of the Earth.

24. Convection is the transfer by the movement of particles within an object. Convection occurs when the molecules close to the surface of the Earth spread apart and become less dense. This less dense air rises and transfers the thermal energy to higher altitudes.