1. Cables and connectors
Chapter 2
8 days including test

2. objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:
Select & install cables for connecting to a dial-up network
Select & install cables for connecting to an Ethernet network
Identify network cables by sight or name
Identify network cable speed capabilities by name
Identify network connectors by sight or name
Given a scenario and networking requirements, select and install cables for communication between computers and networking devices
Troubleshoot issues with networking media

3. 2.1
Twisted pair

4. Using twisted pair
Pairs of copper wire wrapped in insulation, twisted around each other
Electrical pulses
Inexpensive & easy to work with
Look up a 500ft roll of Cat6 cable

5. The twists Crosstalk Twisting cancels out crosstalk
Small amount of electricity leaks & jumps to other wires
Problem if you have wires close to each other
Twisting cancels out crosstalk
No shielding so it relies on cancellation
Wires are paired for this & twisted a certain distance apart

6. Twisted pair cabling Less expensive Very flexible Easy to run
Newer, faster standards designed to run on twisted pair
Thin outer covering
EMI
Keep away from fluorescent lights
Distance limit
Possible eavesdropping
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES

7. Types of twisted pair cables
Cat3
Old, slow (10Mbps)
Cat5
100Mbps
Cat5e
1000Mbps/1Gbps
Better against crosstalk/EMI
Cat6
1Gbps & up
10Gbps not recommended
Must use shorter lengths or use Cat6a
Category assigned based on quality of the copper and how tightly twisted.
Tighter/more twists= higher bandwidth support

8. Twisted pair connectors
RJ11
4 connectors, 2 pairs of wire
Phone/DSL
RJ45
8 connectors, 4 pairs of wire
Ethernet

9. Review- 5Q Category 6 cables have how many wires in them?8
Which connector is used for phone cables?
RJ11
Which connector is used for Ethernet?
RJ45
Why are twisted pair cabling wires twisted?
To reduce crosstalk
When installing twisted pair cabling, what would you keep it away from?
Fluorescent lights

10. Activity TestOut Lab 2.1.3 TestOut 2.1.4 Practice Questions (7)
Connect to an Ethernet Network
TestOut Practice Questions (7)

11. 2.2
Coaxial cable

12. Coaxial- quick overview
Used in very early Ethernet & now for TV
Wireless antenna connections
Cable Internet
Shielding
Thicker cable
BNC or F-connector
RG-6 (current cable TV), RG-59 (older cable TV), RG-58 (old Ethernet)

13. coaxial Pretty resistant to EMI Harder to physically damage
More expensive to install
Thicker than twisted pair
Less flexible & harder to install than twisted pair
High speed networking doesn’t support coax
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES

14. activity TestOut 2.2.3 Connect a Cable Modem Lab
TestOut Practice Questions (6)

15. Review- 4Q What kind of common connectors would be on a coax cable?
F or BNC
What kind of signal travels on a coax cable?
Electricity
If you have a cable modem, what type of coax cable do you have?
RG-6
Which cable protects against EMI better, RG- 6 or Cat 5e?

16. Review- 5q What connector would be on a Cat 5 or 6 cable?
RJ45
What in the ceiling could “mess up” the electrical signal in an UTP cable?
Fluorescent lights, electrical boxes/equipment
An electrical motor near a UTP cable causes what kind of interference?
EMI
Signals from one cable jump into another. What problem is this?
Crosstalk
What is the solution to prevent crosstalk on UTP?
Twisting of the pairs

17. 2.3
Fiber optic cable

18. Fiber optic Transmits pulses of light Glass or plastic core
Laser or LED
Glass or plastic core
No EMI/RFI; no lightning attraction
Used for high speed & long distance
LAN backbone
Connect ISP to Internet
2 fibers cables used
Transmit & receive

19. Fiber optic cable Resistant to EMI No way to eavesdrop on the signal
Fast speeds
Very expensive
Used in backbone
Fragile cable
Difficult to attach connector to cable
Remember, UTP signals use electricity which leaks from the cable. Equipment could be used to “listen in” on that data.
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES

20. Types of Fiber cables Multimode Single Mode LED Many paths of light
Short Distances
600 meters (2000’)
Less $, used more
Single Mode
Laser light
Single path of light
Connects backbone to NOCs
Up to 10km (60 miles)
More $, faster speed
You cannot mix the use of these cables. Cores and light/wavelengths are different.
Use these for high speed too.

21. Fiber connectors
ST- Push & twist bayonet connector (similar to BNC) used on single & multimode
SC- Push-pull with locking tab used on single & multimode
LC- Smaller push-pull with locking tab used on single & multimode
MTRJ- locking tab (like Ethernet) used on single & multimode
FC- Threaded twist-on (locks in) used on single mode only
Two strands are used for FULL-DUPLEX! Light can only travel in one direction, so that’s why two are used.
Yellow is Single mode cable; Orange is Multimode cable.

22. Activity- Use LOW or HIGH
Issue
UTP
Fiber Optic
Bandwidth
Distance
Immunity to EMI/RFI
Immunity to Electrical Hazards
Media/Connector cost
Installation Skill/Cost
Safety Precautions

23. activity

24. Review- 3q Which cable is more expensive, copper or fiber?
Which cable allows data to travel further, copper or fiber?
Why are two strands of fiber used for communication?
Light can only travel in one direction at a time. This will allow for full-duplex.

25. Review- 3q What signal travel on a single-mode cable?
Laser
Which cable would be used to go further distances?
Single mode
Why would you use fiber between buildings rather than copper?
Fiber does not attract lightning

26. Professor Messer Videos 1.5 Cable Types
activity
TestOut
Review Fiber Optic Facts
Connect Fiber Optic Cables Lab
Practice Questions (9)
Professor Messer Videos 1.5 Cable Types
Copper Connectors (8:05)
Copper Cabling (9:28)
Straight-Through, Crossover, and Rollover Cables (7:42)
Fiber Connectors (3:51)
Fiber Cables (7:37)
Media Converters (3:19)
Network Cabling Tools (8:13)

27. Wiring implementation
2.4
Wiring implementation

28. Types of utp cables Straight-through Crossover Rollover
We’re going to make them
Crossover
Rollover
We’re NOT going to make them

29. Wiring standards
TIA/EIA 568A & 568B

30. Straight-through cable
568B to 568B
Connect unlike devices
Computer to Hub/Switch
Switch to router port
On the PC NIC
Pins 1 & 2 transmit
Pins 3 & 6 receive

31. Straight-through cable
568B to 568B
White-Orange
Orange
White-Green
Blue
White-Blue
Green
White-Brown
Brown
Demo making a straight-through; have them do it

32. Crossover cable 568A to 568B Like Devices
Switch/hub port to switch/hub port
Router port to router port
PC to router port
PC to PC

33. Crossover cable Crossover 568B to 568A
Change Oranges & Greens on ONE SIDE!
White-Green
Green
White-Orange
Blue
White-Blue
Orange
White-Brown
Brown
Make a crossover cable.

34. Rollover cable Used to connect PC to SMB Router to configure it
RJ45 568B (Router) to USB or Serial Port (PC)
568B to Complete Reverse Order

35. Review- 3q What is the 568B color order?
Wor/Or, WGr/Bl, WBl/Gr, WBr/Br
For speeds of 1000Mbps or more, what Category cable should be used?
Cat 6
What cable…
Goes between same devices?
Crossover
Goes from PC to switch?
Straight through
Goes from serial to console port?
Rollover

36. Review- 3q What colors do you change for a crossover cable?
Oranges & greens
What pairs transmit?
1 & 2
What pairs receive?
3 & 6

37. Wiring distribution Demarc
Where Internet & phone line enter your building
Inside your building (your responsibility)

38. Wiring distribution MDF (Main Distribution Frame) IDF (Intermediate)
Main wiring closet near the demarc
IDF (Intermediate)
Other wiring closets that connect to the MDF
Connect to MDF or other IDFs using vertical cabling (VCC)
IDFs connect to workstations using horizontal cabling (HCC)
Closets will have patch panels, switches, maybe routers.
Vertical Cabling is backbone cabling.
Horizontal cabling connects individual workstations to the network (like from the wall jack to the patch panel & switch).

39. Patch panel Jacks from this room go to IDF and into a patch panel
Allows you to connect wires to a punch-down block, then use patch cables to connect to a switch
Gives you flexibility in moving cables
Allows for easy labeling

40. Punch down block Using punch down tool
This is a 110 punch down with cutters.

41. Review- 5q
What is the point of where the service provider’s wiring enters your building?
Demarc
The fiber cable running down the street has been cut. Whose responsibility is it to fix it?
Service provider
Near the demarc is the point where everything in your network comes together. What is this area called?
MDF
There are 2 wiring closets on this floor that connect together. What are they called & what cabling connects them?
IDF & Horizontal cabling
What cabling connects an IDF to the MDF?
Vertical cabling

42. activity Practice a Punch Down on a Patch Panel TestOut
Connect Patch Panel Cables 1 Lab
Connect Patch Panel Cables 2 Lab
Practice Questions (14)

43. Troubleshoot network media
2.5
Troubleshoot network media

44. Copper wiring issues Interference Unwanted signals
EMI causes (generators, transformers, high-power lines, fluorescent lights)

45. Eliminate interference
Use fiber instead of copper
Use STP cable

46. crosstalk
Signal jumps from one wire to another within the cable & disrupts the data
NEXT
Measurement of crosstalk at one connector end
FEXT
Measurement of crosstalk on other end
Crosstalk is like everyone talking at the same time. The interference messes up the message.
Measured at the ends because crosstalk happens where wires are untwisted too much.
Alien crosstalk is when it jumps to another cable!

47. Preventing crosstalk Properly connected connectors Maintain the twists
When putting on a connector
At the punch down block
In Cat6, twists are much tighter to allow faster data transmissions.

48. attenuation Loss of signal strength over long cable runs Prevent it
Don’t exceed max distance of cable
Ethernet is 100m max!
Keep out of very hot areas
Use a repeater if necessary (amplifies the signal)

49. Shorts & OPENS Shorts Opens Signal hops to another exposed wire
Signal grounds out (nail through wire)
Opens
Break in wire

50. Split pair
Wires may go to correct pins but twists with wrong cable to cancel signal out (prevent crosstalk)

51. Troubleshooting fiber
Connector issues
Dirty connector or jack prevents light/signal
Attenuation
Cable issues
Bending cable too tight breaks the core
Mismatch of single/multimode cable= 99% loss
Signal Loss
Cable length, connectors, splices
Clean fiber connector with lint free cloth & isopropyl alcohol or specialized cleaning tool for certain connectors.
If you see a fiber cable looped, the bend radius could be causing a problem.
Test fiber connections using an OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer). It can find attenuation & breaks.
Measured in dB. If the dB loss is great, that is a problem.

52. Troubleshooting tools
Loopback plug
Cable Tester
Review
TestOut & 2.5.6

53. Review- 3q
The signal on your 400ft UTP run gets weak at the destination, causing the signal to be unreadable. What is the problem?
Attenuation
Unwanted signals are added to your Ethernet cable running over fluorescent lights. What’s the problem?
EMI
The Ethernet cable you made is having problems. Signals are jumping from one wire in the cable to another in the cable. What’s the problem?
Crosstalk

54. activity TestOut 2.5.7 Practice Questions (8) Professor Messer Videos
4.4 – Copper Cable Issues
Troubleshooting Copper Cables (6:19)
Troubleshooting Signal Loss (6:15)
Troubleshooting Network Cabling (4:27)
4.5 – Fiber Issues
Troubleshooting Fiber Issues (5:11)

55. Review & study Complete the study guide handout
Take all quizzes on TestOut
Jeopardy review

56. Cables and connectors
Chapter 2