1. Date of download: 10/2/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Modeling Pathological Hemodynamic Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver
J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(6): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR during a 40 mm Hg Valsalva maneuver. (a) and (b) Simulations performed with the original model for the reference patient with all model parameters fixed at their basal values; and (c) and (d) clinical data from a 71 yr old male with normal autonomic function.

2. Date of download: 10/2/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Modeling Pathological Hemodynamic Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver
J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(6): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Electric analogy of the cardiovascular model, where R denotes resistances; P, pressures; C, capacities; and qr and ql, cardiac outputs from right and left heart ventricles, respectively. The meaning of subscripts is: aor, aorta; sa, systemic arteries; sc, systemic capillaries; sv, systemic veins; vc, vena cavae; pa, pulmonary arteries; pv, pulmonary veins; rh, right heart; lh, left heart; ra, right atrium; la, left atrium; and th, intrathoracic. Reproduced with permission from Pstras et al. [21]. Copyright 2016 by Oxford University Press.

3. Date of download: 10/2/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Modeling Pathological Hemodynamic Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver
J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(6): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) during a 40 mm Hg Valsalva maneuver. (a) and (b) Simulations for the reference patient performed with the original model (dotted lines) and with the model adjusted to represent a subject with a heart failure (solid lines); and (c) and (d) clinical data from the literature (mean values from a group of ten men with left ventricular failure) [24].

4. Date of download: 10/2/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Modeling Pathological Hemodynamic Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver
J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(6): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Right ventricular (dashed lines) and left ventricular (dotted lines) stroke volume as a function of atrial pressure in a normal heart (thin lines) and a failing heart (thick lines). The dots represent the steady-state conditions.

5. Date of download: 10/2/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Modeling Pathological Hemodynamic Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver
J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(6): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) during a 40 mm Hg Valsalva maneuver. (a) and (b) Simulations for the reference patient performed with the original model (dotted lines) and with the model adjusted to represent partial autonomic dysfunction (solid lines); and (c) and (d) clinical data from a 79 yr old male with postural instability.

6. Date of download: 10/2/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Modeling Pathological Hemodynamic Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver
J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(6): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) during a 40 mm Hg Valsalva maneuver. (a) and (b) Simulations for the reference patient performed with the original model (dotted lines) and with the model adjusted to represent a subject with α-adrenergic failure (solid lines); and (c) and (d) clinical data from a 69 yr old male with a sensory ataxia and fragile X syndrome.

7. Date of download: 10/2/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Modeling Pathological Hemodynamic Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver
J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(6): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR during a 40 mm Hg Valsalva maneuver. (a) and (b) Simulations for the reference patient performed with the original model (dotted lines) and with the model adjusted to represent vagal withdrawal and reduced baroreflex sensitivity (solid lines); and (c) and (d) clinical data from a 75 yr old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

8. Date of download: 10/2/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Modeling Pathological Hemodynamic Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver
J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(6): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR during a 40 mm Hg Valsalva maneuver. (a) and (b) Simulations for the reference patient performed with the original model (dotted lines) and with the model adjusted to represent a full autonomic dysfunction (solid lines); and (c) and (d) clinical data from a 61 yr old female with diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

9. Date of download: 10/2/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Modeling Pathological Hemodynamic Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver
J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(6): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and HR during a 40 mm Hg Valsalva maneuver. (a) and (b) Simulations for the reference patient performed with the original model (dotted lines) and with the model adjusted to represent a low-compliant aorta and a partial baroreflex impairment (solid lines); and (c) and (d) clinical data from a 75 yr old male with an ascending aorta prosthesis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.