1. China 1949 - 1989: From Civil War to Tiananmen Square
Mr. Growdon / World History 3

2. The Communist
Revolution:

3. The Peoples’ Liberation Army (PLA) 1949

4. Communist Victory 1949

5. People’s Republic of China (PRC) (Mainland or Communist China)
The flag of the PRC is a red field charged in the canton (upper corner nearest the flagpole) with five golden stars. The design features one large star, with four smaller stars in a semicircle set off towards the fly (the side farthest from the flag pole). The red represents the communist revolution; the five stars and their relationship represent the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China
PRC established October 1, 1949

6. Reasons for the Communists’ Success
Mao won support of peasants and used guerilla war tactics
Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt and allowed foreigners to dominate the country
WWII (vs. Japanese) helped the Communists
The Nationalists fled to Taiwan and established the Republic of China (ROC); this party still governs Taiwan

7. Invasion of Tibet 1950

8. Tibet Different culture, history, religion (Buddhist), etc.
China invades in Dec. 1950
Tibet and China agree to a 17-Point Agreement; Tibet to remain an “autonomous” region
Much distrust; violations of the agreement
1959: Rebellions; Chinese army takes control; Dalai Lama flees; much killing and destruction throughout Tibet

9. The Dalai Lama The 14th and current Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso.
Born in 1935, the 14th Dalai Lama was not formally enthroned until 17 November 1950, during the Battle of Chamdo with the People's Republic of China. In 1951, the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government were forced to accept the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet by which it became formally incorporated into the People's Republic of China. Fearing for his life in the wake of a revolt in Tibet in 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India, from where he led a government in exile.

10. Forward” (or Backward?)
The “Great Leap
Forward” (or Backward?)

11. The Great Leap Forward Communes:
5-year plan to increase agriculture and industry
Communes:
Groups of people who live and work together
Property held in common
Had production quotas
Failed due to poor quality of products; centralized planning hurt agriculture
Disaster: Approx. 40 million Chinese died

12. Communist China Under Mao
Industrialized China
Increased literacy
Class privileges ended
Rural Chinese received health care
One-party dictatorship
Denied people basic rights and freedoms (esp. Inner Mongolia, and Tibet)

13. The Great
Proletarian
Cultural Revolution

14. A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS”
Old Thoughts
Old Culture
Old Customs
Old Habits
“To Rebel Is Good!”

15. Communist China Under Mao
Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society
Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place
Schools shut down and students revolted
Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

16. Red Guards March to Canton

17. With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968)
Cult of Personality

18. Chairman Mao’s “Little Red Book”

19. The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us together Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968
Mao’s Little Red Book

20. Propaganda Poster

21. “Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle!” 1967-1972

22. Propaganda

23. Propaganda Poster

24. Propaganda Poster

25. Propaganda Poster

26. Mao Meets President Nixon in Beijing,1972

27. Power Struggle Communist Traditionalists Modernists Zhou Enlai
1976
Zhou Enlai
“The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan

28. Communist Government
and a
Capitalist Economy

29. Deng Xiaoping Leader: 1978-1992

30. De-Maoization “The 4 Modernizations” Progress in: Industry
Agriculture
Industry
Science & Technology
Military
“Class struggle” was no longer the central focus

31. Tiananmen Square Beijing

32. More hints of democracy
Tiananmen Square 1989
More hints of democracy

33. Democracy—The common ideal
Tiananmen Square 1989
Democracy—The common ideal

34. The Government Clamps Down
Tiananmen Square 1989
Also known as the “June 4th Incident”
Protests started on April 14th, 1989
Chinese government sends army in on June 3rd at 10:30 PM and the Square is cleared by 6:00 AM on June 4th.
Who was protesting?
Pro-democracy supporters
College students
Chinese army opened fire on Chinese protestors
Army arrested, tortured, and executed leaders of the students
According to Chinese govt- 241 dead, but other estimates are in the 1,000-2,000 range
The Government Clamps Down

35. Tiananmen Square 1989
One Lone Man’s Protest

36. The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
Tiananmen Square 1989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In

37. The Reestablishment of Order
Tiananmen Square 1989
The Reestablishment of Order

38. Questions & Answers Q: What is the official name of mainland China?
A: People’s Republic of China (PRC)

39. Questions & Answers Q: When was the PRC established?
A: October 1, 1949

40. Questions & Answers Q: What is the “R.O.C.”?
A: R.O.C. = Republic of China
The Nationalist gov. that governed mainland China from ; now R.O.C. is the formal name for Taiwan

41. Questions & Answers
Q: When did China annex Tibet?
A: 1950

42. Questions & Answers Q: Who is the former ruler of Tibet?
A: The Dalai Lama

43. Questions & Answers
Q: When was the “Tibetan Rebellion” that ended Tibetan autonomy?
A: 1959

44. Questions & Answers
Q: When was the Great Leap Forward? A:

45. Questions & Answers Q: What was the Great Leap Forward?
A: A centralized effort by Mao to industrialize China and improve its agriculture

46. Questions & Answers Q: When was the Great Cultural Revolution?

47. Questions & Answers Q: What was the Cultural Revolution?
A: A political, social and cultural campaign led by Mao to eradicate the “Four Olds” throughout China

48. Questions & Answers Q: Who was Deng Xiaopeng? What did he do?
A: Leader of China after Mao. He opened up and modernized China.

49. Questions & Answers
Q: In what year were the Tiananmen Square protests and massacre?
A: 1989