1. 20c China:
The Road to Communism

2. Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925)
(Dr. Sun Yat-sen)

3. Chinese Warlords, 1920s
Yuan Shi-kai

4. China After the end of the dynastic rule
Government not in control
Economic collapse
Rule of law?
What does this say about the shape China was in?

5. China in 1924

6. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary
(Mao Tse-tung)

7. Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928
(Chiang Kai-shek)

8. The Long March
1934

9. The Long March

10. Japan Invades China
1937

11. Overview (write this):
Agricultural society
Corrupt warlords took over after the dynasties fell
Chiang Kai-Shek (nationalist) takes power
Long March (communists gaining support)
Japan begins invading China

12. Japanese Aggression,

13. Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

14. Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking December 9, 1937

15. Dates to Remember: 1937-Japan invaded China
1939-Germany invaded Poland (official start of WWII)
1941-Pearl Harbor was bombed and we entered the war
1945-atomic bombing of Japan—war ends

16. The Communist
Revolution:

17. Overview: WWII ends China realizes that their leader was wimpy
Communism spreads
Chiang Kai-Shek moves to Taiwan to start “The New, Real China” (he was nuts)

18. More to write: Domino Theory (fear of the spread of communism)
Containment Policy (to follow)—don’t let it spread!
Fact: the U.S. didn’t acknowledge Communist China until 1972! We still tried to support Chiang Kai-Shek until then

19. The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949

20. The Communist Victory

21. Taiwan: The Republic of China

22. The People’s Republic of China

23. Reasons for the Communists’ Success
Mao won support of peasants – land
Mao won support of women
Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt
Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

24. The Great Leap
Forward (or Backward?)

25. Great Leap Forward, 1958 Communes
5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry
Communes
Groups of people who live and work together
Property held in common
Had production quotas
Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture

26. Communist China Under Mao
Industrialized China
Increased literacy
Class privileges ended
Rural Chinese received health care
One-party dictatorship
Denied people basic rights and freedoms

27. Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama in Beijing, 1954
Tibet --> an autonomous area.
Dalai Lama fled in the late 1950s to India.

28. The Great
Proletarian
Cultural Revolution

29. A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS”
Old Thoughts
Old Culture
Old Customs
Old Habits
To Rebel Is Good!

30. Communist China Under Mao
Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society
Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place
Schools shut down – students revolted
Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

31. A Red Guard

32. Red Guards March to Canton

33. With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the word 'Usefulness'. (1968)
Cult of Personality

34. The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us together Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968
Mao’s Little Red Book

35. Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle! 1967-1972

36. Propaganda Poster

37. “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971

38. Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972

39. Power Struggle Communist Traditionalists Modernists Zhou Enlai
1976
Zhou Enlai
“The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan

40. Communist Government
and a
Capitalist Economy

41. Deng Xiaoping ( )

42. De-Maoization “The 4 Modernizations” Progress in: Industry Science
Agriculture
Industry
Science
Defense
Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

43. Gap Between Rich & Poor
Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!

44. Tiananmen Square, 1989
More democracy!

45. Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University

46. Democracy—Our Common Ideal!
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Democracy—Our Common Ideal!

47. The “Goddess of Democracy”
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The “Goddess of Democracy”

48. The Government Clamps Down
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Government Clamps Down

49. Tiananmen Square, 1989
One Lone Man’s Protest

50. The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In

51. The Army Looks for Dissidents
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Army Looks for Dissidents

52. Student Leaders Are Arrested
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student Leaders Are Arrested

53. Chinese Students Mourn the Dead
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Chinese Students Mourn the Dead

54. The Reestablishment of Order
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Reestablishment of Order

55. What’s the Message Here?

56. Demography
may be no surer predictor of destiny than trade data. But of the two momentous changes championed by Deng Xiaoping a quarter-century ago, coercive population controls and experiments with market economics, the jury is still out on which will do more to shape China's long-term potential.

57. Demography

58. Demography
There are too many retirees in China, and not enough young people to replace them.
Think about it—WHY? You know this! 

59. Demography
"The evidence is overwhelming that a large population of unmarried adult males is a risk factor for both crime and war," Ms. den Boer said in an interview. "The fact that China is an authoritarian country is another risk factor."