1. PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

2. Editing and/ or Revising
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Conducting an audience analysis
Determining the purpose of the speech
Selecting a topic
Narrowing down a topic
Gathering data
Selecting a speech pattern
Preparing the conclusion
Preparing the introduction
Creating the body of the speech
Preparing an outline
Editing and/ or Revising
Rehearsing

3. Audience analysis Entails looking into the profile of your target audience.
Demography ( age range, male female ratio, educational background and affiliations or degree program taken, nationality, economic status, academic or incorporate designations).
Situation ( time, venue, occasion and size).
Psychology (values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial ideologies and needs).

4. Purpose of writing and delivering the speech
To inform – an informative speech provides the audience with a clear understanding of the concept or idea presented by the speaker.
To entertain – an entertainment speech provides the audience with amusement.
To persuade – a persuasive speech provides the audience with well-argued ideas that can influence their own beliefs and decisions.

5. TOPIC
The topic is your main point, which can be determined once you have decided on your purpose.
Narrowing down a topic
Means making your main idea more specific and focused.
Data Gathering
Is the stage where you collect ideas, information, sources and references relevant or related to your specific topic.
Writing patterns
In general, are structures that will help you organize the ideas related to your topic.

6. Type of speech appropriate to
Pattern
Descriptions
Type of speech appropriate to
Examples
Biographical
Presents descriptions of your life or of a person, famous or not.
To inform
To entertain
Specific Purpose
Categorical/Topical
Presents related categories supporting the topic.
To persuade
Causal
Presents cause-effect relationships.
Chronological
Presents the idea in time order.
Comparison/Contrast
Presents comparison/contrast of two or three points.
Problem-solution
Presents an identified problem, its causes and recommended solutions.
To inform my student about my grandfather.
Describing the life and works of my grandfather.
Specific Topic
To persuade the community members to reduce, reuse and recycle as means of eliminating garbage.
Why the community members should promote reducing, reusing, and recycling.
Specific Topic
To inform my audience on the effects of overeating.
Explaining the possible effects of overeating to one’s health.
Specific Topic
To inform my audience about the significant events in the 1986 EDSA Revolution or People Power.
Describing the significant events before, during and after the People Power.
Specific Topic
To persuade the audience that living in the Philippines is better than living in Australia.
Explaining why the Philippines is more habitable than Australia.
Specific Topic
To persuade the audience to support the educational programs of the national government.
Specific Topic
Explaining the reasons for supporting the government’s educational programs.

7. An outline is a hierarchical list that shows the relationship of your ideas. Experts in public speaking state once your outline is ready, two thirds of your speech writing is finished.
1. Table format
Purpose
To inform
Specific purpose
To persuade the community members to reduce, reuse, and recycle as means of eliminating garbage and protecting the environment.
Topic
Promoting the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling in eliminating wastes and protecting the environment.
Pattern
Problem-solution
Introduction
Share facts on the current situation of the environment.
Body
Discuss how improper wastes disposal becomes an environment problem. Explain how reducing, reusing and recycling would eliminate wastes and protect the environment.
Conclusion
State the specific purpose of your speech again.
Call for action.

8. 1.0 As of today, there is an alarming increase of wastes in our community.
1.1 According to Solid Waste Management Office, if we do not tale immediate action, we might face more perils caused by natural calamities.
1.2 Now, I am going to talk about how to eliminate wastes and protect the environment.
2.0 Improper waste disposal causes environmental problems.
2.1 Wastes contaminate the soil.
2.2 Wastes contaminate the water.
2.3 Wastes can cause floods.
3.0 There are ways to eliminate wastes and protect the environment.
3.1 Reducing, reusing, and recycling can help eliminate wastes.
3.2 People should start doing these at home.
3.3 This solution should be supported by the local government.
4.0 We must act now
4.1 This solution should be supported by the local government.
4.2 Let us learn from the lessons in natural calamities we have experienced.

9. The body of the speech provides an explanation, examples, or any details that can help you deliver your purpose and explain the main idea of your speech.
The following are some strategies to highlight your main idea.
Present real-life or practical examples.
Show Statistics.
Present comparisons.
Share ideas from the experts or practitioners.

10. The introduction is the foundation of your speech
The introduction is the foundation of your speech. Here, your primary goal is to get the attention of your audience and present the subject or main idea of your speech.
Use a real-life experience and connect that experience to your subject.
Use practical examples and explain their connection to your subject.
Start with a familiar or strong quote and then explain what it means.
Use facts or statistics and highlight their importance to your subject.
To tell a personal story to illustrate your point.

11. The conclusion restates the main idea of your speech
The conclusion restates the main idea of your speech. Furthermore, it provides a summary, emphasizes the message, and calls for action.
The following are some strategies.
Begin your conclusion with a restatement of your message.
Use positive examples, encouraging words, or memorable lines from songs or stories familiar to your audience.
Ask a question or series of questions that can make your audience reflect or ponder.

12. Editing/Revising your written speech involves correcting errors in mechanics, such as grammar, punctuation, capitalization, unity, coherence and others.
Edit for focus.
“So, what’s the point? What’s the message of the speech?”
Edit for clarity
“I don’t understand the message because the examples or supporting details were confusing.”
Edit for concision
“The speech was all over the place; the speaker kept on talking endlessly as if no one was listening to him/her”
Edit for continuity
“The speech was to difficult to follow; I was lost in the middle.”
Edit for variety
“I didn’t enjoy the speech because it was boring.”
Edit for impact and beauty
“There’s nothing really special about the speech.”

13. ”Constant practice makes perfect.”
Rehearsing
It gives you an opportunity to identify what works and what does not work for you and for your target audience.
The best thing to remember at this stage is,
”Constant practice makes perfect.”

14. Some Guidelines in Speech Writing
Keep your words short and simple.
Avoid jargon, acronyms or technical words.
Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronoun “I” and “We”.
Use active verbs and contractions .
Be sensitive to your audience.
Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively convey your point.
Manage your time well.

15. THANK YOU     

16. Reference: Sipacio, Philippe John F. & Balgos, Ann Richie G
Reference: Sipacio, Philippe John F. & Balgos, Ann Richie G. (2016) Oral Communication in Context For Senior High School () C & E Publishing:893 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City