1. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007

2. Self-training Capitalize Strengths Capitalize Strengths Target Attainable Skill Improvements Target Attainable Skill Improvements Solicit Feedback Solicit Feedback

3. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Why Speak? AwarenessAwareness UnderstandingUnderstanding ActionAction

4. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Behavioral Objectives Awareness The audience should be able to recall superficial knowledge of a recent change, a need for a change, or a development that was formerly unknown to the audience

5. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Behavioral Objectives Understanding The audience should be able to recall specific details of a particular topic.

6. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Behavioral Objectives Action An audience should be able to think, feel or act in a way predetermined by a communicator.

7. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Communication Objectives What do I want my audience to feel, think, or do as a result of my speaking with them? The answer to the question should be stated in a simple declarative sentence beginning with the phrase, The audience should be able to …

8. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Basic Speech Structure IntroductionDevelopmentSummary Question and Answer Period Final Summary

9. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Introduction Focus the expectations of an audience on the speakers main ideas. Answer the question, Why should I sit here (as a member of the audience) and listen to you talk about this?

10. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Tailor the Intro to the Audience Specific Reference to the Audience Specific Reference to the Audience Reference the Topic Reference the Topic Reference the Occasion Reference the Occasion Attract the Attention of the Audience and focus it Attract the Attention of the Audience and focus it Develop the audiences need to listen Develop the audiences need to listen Focus the audiences attention to the goodwill and credibility of the speaker. Focus the audiences attention to the goodwill and credibility of the speaker. Invite questions at the conclusion of your presentations. Invite questions at the conclusion of your presentations.

11. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Development Ideas introduced in the introduction are enumerated, explained and/or argued convincingly.

12. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Developing Ideas Idea Communicability Least Difficult Most Difficult Simple Idea Complex Idea Acceptable Ideas Unacceptable Ideas Familiar Concept Unfamiliar Concept

13. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Supporting Material Illustration An illustration is a detailed description of an event.

14. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Supporting Material Statistics Using figures to show the significance of a particular point. A speaker should cite the source of statistics so that the audience can verify them.

15. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Supporting Material Explanation Explanation describes the details of a particular point in order to clarify it. It usually begins with the phrase, This means that…

16. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Supporting Material Testimony Testimony is any material a speaker quotes during a speech.

17. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Supporting Material Participation Direct and purposive action by the audience is extremely effective. Materials in this include; tours, audience response, and Hands On activities.

18. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 The Message Unit The message unit is an idea or assertion and its supporting material. An Idea or assertion is a conclusion that one draws from observation. It is an opinion that needs support in the form of a variety of supporting materials.

19. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Message Unit I. Assertion ExplanationExplanation IllustrationIllustration StatisticsStatistics TestimonyTestimony Specific instancesSpecific instances

20. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Question and Answer Session Listen Listen Pause Before Answering Pause Before Answering Answer Directly and Briefly Answer Directly and Briefly Divide Complex Questions Divide Complex Questions Clarify Questions Clarify Questions Avoid Direct Debate Avoid Direct Debate If you dont know the answer, admit it! If you dont know the answer, admit it!

21. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007 Conclusion Summarize your major point. Summarize your major point. Include answers to some of the questions Include answers to some of the questions

22. Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007