1. HW: Virtual Lab Questions (if incomplete)
Friday
February 17, 2017
I can:
describe enzymes in terms of the lock and key model
Agenda
(10) Catalyst
(20) GN: Enzymes
(15) Kahoot
(40) Enzyme Virtual Lab & Questions
(5) Exit ticket
Catalyst
1. What kind of biomolecule are enzymes?
2. What is the monomer of a protein?
3. What indicator is used to detect simple sugars (monosaccharides)?
*TURN IN CATALYST SHEET*
*QUIZ CORRECTIONS & EC DUE*
HW: Virtual Lab Questions (if incomplete)
Test Corrections due THURSDAY (2/23)

2. 2H2 + O2 ➝ 2H2O Chemical reactions change one substance to another.
For Example:
2H2 + O2 ➝ 2H2O

3. 2H2 + O2 ➝ H2O The arrow is the most important part of the reaction.
A chemical journey:
Follow the arrow!
2H2 + O2 ➝ H2O
The arrow is the most important part of the reaction.
When we read a reaction, we say “makes” or “yields.”

4. 2H2 + O2 ➝ H2O A chemical journey: Follow the arrow!
Reactants aka Substrates: come BEFORE the arrow; what you put into the reaction
Products: come AFTER the arrow; what you end up with

5. Think: Circle the products and box the substrates
NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl
HCl + Zn  H2 + ZnCl2
3. Glucose + Oxygen  H2O + CO2 + Energy
4. H2O + CO2 + SunlightGlucose +O2

6. Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions require energy to get started.
the energy required to start a reaction is called the activation energy
once the activation energy is supplied, the reaction can occur

7. Enzymes
Enzyme: proteins that speed up a chemical reaction by lowering its activation energy a.k.a. biological catalysts
without enzyme = greater activation energy
with enzyme = less activation energy

8. We need enzymes for every process that happens in our bodies!
Enzymes (Notes)
We need enzymes for every process that happens in our bodies!
For example: Digesting food, moving around

9. Enzymes (Think & Share)
What biomolecule are enzymes? What do enzymes do?

10. Enzymes Vocabulary
Substrate: the material that an enzyme binds to; the reactant Complex: enzyme binds to substrate

11. Which one is the substrate?
Which one is the enzyme?
Which one is the product?

12. Which one is the substrate?
Which one is the enzyme?
Which one is the product?

13. Which one is the substrate?
Which one is the enzyme?
Which one is the product?

14. Enzymes often end in -ase lactase (breaks down lactose)
helicase (unzips DNA)
amylase (breaks down amylose)
lipase (breaks down lipids)
What do you notice about the substrate names?

15. Enzymes (Think)
What’s a substrate? What do enzymes usually end in? Is lactase an enzyme or a substrate? How do you know? What do you predict is the substrate for the enzyme sucrase?

16. Characteristics of Enzymes
Enzymes are:
specific
reusable

17. Enzymes (Notes) Enzymes are specific:
They only work with one substrate
The enzyme and the substrate fit together like a lock and a key at the enzyme’s active site.

19. Enzymes (Notes)
Enzymes are reusable: They are not changed during a reaction This means that they can be used again The substrate is changed: it becomes the products
Question - does the substrate change? Does the enzyme change? Could the enzyme work again?

20. Enzymes (Think)
What does it mean to say that enzymes are specific? What does it mean to say that enzymes are reusable?

21. lactose + H20 glucose + Enzymes (Notes) enzyme products substrate
lactase
lactose +
H20
glucose +
galactose
products
substrate
Label reactants & products. What is the enzyme? Where can we put it to show it doesn’t get used up?

22. Enzymes (Think) Structure X: Structure Y: Structure Z: substrate
product
Walk through problem solving. Z is product. Step 2 is complex. Structure x changes, so can’t be enzyme!

23. Enzymes (Think and Share)
What is an enzyme? What does it mean to say that enzymes are specific? What does it mean to say that enzymes are reusable? Why are enzymes important?

24. Low pH (0-7) is acidic High pH (7-14) is basic pH = 7 is neutral
pH (Notes)
Low pH (0-7) is acidic
High pH (7-14) is basic
pH = 7 is neutral

25. Destroying Enzymes (Notes)
An enzyme’s job is determined by its SHAPE! …So what happens when the shape of an enzyme is changed?

26. Denature: enzyme changes shape so it no longer works
Destroying Enzymes
Denature: enzyme changes shape so it no longer works
Because its shape changed, the enzyme can no longer fit the substrate like a lock and key.

27. Destroying Enzymes (Notes)
Enzymes are denatured by: EXTREME (HIGH and LOW) pH and temperatures

28. Destroying Enzymes (Think)
What does it mean for an enzyme to be denatured?
Would an enzyme function if it was denatured?
How can enzymes be denatured?

29. Optimum Conditions
Each enzyme has conditions that it works best under.
optimum = best
To find the optimum pH or Temperature,
1. find the place with the highest peak
2. go DOWN to the x-axis and read the number.

30. Enzyme Catalase
What is graphed on the x-axis?
What is graphed on the y-axis?
What is the optimum pH for catalase?

31. Optimum Conditions

32. Optimum Conditions