1. Enzymes
A quick guide

2. Enzymes
Enzymes make the chemical reactions in our body happen at a faster rate
A chemical that speeds up a reaction is called a catalyst.
Enzymes are often called biological catalysts.
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3. Breakers and Builders Enzymes come in two main types:
Breakers- these break down large molecules into smaller ones. This is important in digestion
Builders- these join small molecules together to make large ones. These build important molecules inside our cells

4. How an enzyme works
Enzymes work on substances called substrates.

5. An enzyme in action

6. An enzyme in action
The substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme.
The enzyme breaks the substrate down into smaller molecules called products.
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7. Common Enzymes Enzyme: Amylase Substrate: Starch Product: Glucose
Enzyme: Catalase
Substrate: Hydrogen peroxide
Products: Water & Oxygen

8. Important Properties They are all proteins
Each enzyme controls one particular reaction.
They can be used again and again.
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4. They are affected by temperature.
5. They are affected by pH.

9. Enzymes are specific
This means that they only work with one particular substrate.
No other substrate can fit into the active site of the enzyme.
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10. Enzymes are affected by temperature
Warm an enzyme and they work faster.
But if they get too hot they stop working.
There is an optimum temperature where they work best.

11. Enzymes are affected by temperature
Enzymes are made of proteins. At high temperatures, the proteins break down.
The shape of the active site changes, so the substrate can no longer fit.
We say that the enzyme has been denatured. It no longer works.
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12. Enzymes are affected by pH
Change the pH and the shape of the active site will change.
Every enzyme has optimum pH at which it works best.

13. Pineapple enzyme lab… LAB QUESTIONS:
1. Write a short summary paragraph in which you describe what you have learned and/or what you can conclude about enzymes.
2. Create a visual image to represent the enzyme-catalyzed reaction used in these labs. Label the substrate, active site, enzyme- substrate complex, and the products. Assume the products are 4 small chains of amino acids.