1. Reflection
12/13 – Describe 3 different causes for air pollution. 12/15 – Describe some health hazards to air pollution. 1/10 – Explain what is meant by the greenhouse effect.

2. Reflection
1/4 – Reflect on this picture!!! Describe this type of pollution.

3. Reflection
¼ - Explain what is causing air pollution. What gases are causing pollution? 1/5 – Explain what causes smog. Describe the problems it causes. How can we reduce the problem. 1/9 – Explain the purpose of the ozone layer and explain what is happening to this layer in our atmosphere

4. ¼ - Make a claim has to what is causing global warming.

5. Explain how the polar bear is affected by global warming.

6. Air Pollution

7. What is it?

8. Importance of Clean Air
We use oxygen to make ATP in cellular respiration. If there are other gases replacing them, then we cannot make ATP – energy. We can’t get oxygen if there is not clean air. Pollution leads to many factors that is changing our planet.

9. Pollutant – Substance that contaminats the environment – air, land or water!!!
Air Pollution - Any visible or invisible particle or gas found in the air that is not part of the original, normal composition.

10. Natural: forest fires, pollen, dust storm
Unnatural: man-made; coal, wood and other fuels used in cars, homes, and factories for energy

11. Types of Air Pollution Smog Acid Precipitation Particulate Matter CFC
Carbon Monoxide

12. Smog
Smog is a mixture of air pollutants—nitrogen oxides —that combine with sunlight to form ozone Good or bad, depending on its location. Ozone is high above the Earth, acts as a barrier that protects human health and the environment from excessive amounts of solar ultraviolet radiation. This is the "good kind" of ozone. On the other hand, ground-level ozone, trapped near the ground by heat inversions or other weather conditions, is what causes the respiratory distress and burning eyes associated with smog.

13. Smog
Smog can cause or aggravate health problems such as asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory problems as well as eye irritation and reduced resistance to colds and lung infections.
The ozone in smog also inhibits plant growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forests.

14. 1st smog related deaths were in London in 1873; death toll 500 people; can you imagine how much worse the atmosphere is now?!
Limits visibility
Decreases UV radiation
Yellow/black color over cities
Causes respiratory problems and bronchial related deaths

15. Smog

16. Smog
What are some of the side effects of smog? How can we stop it or lower the smog levels?

17. How is it measured?

18. AQI: Air Quality Index
Indicates whether pollutant levels in air may cause health concerns.
Ranges from 0 (least concern) to 500 (greatest concern)

19. No health impacts are expected when air quality is in this range.
Air Quality Index
Protect Your Health
Good
0-50
No health impacts are expected when air quality is in this range.
Moderate
51-100
Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion.
Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups
Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion.
Unhealthy
Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion, everyone else, especially children should limit prolonged outdoor excertion.
Very Unhealthy (Alert)
Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion everyone else, especially children, should limit outdoor exertion.

20. Ozone
Ozone is a gas composed of three atoms of oxygen (O3). Ozone occurs both in the Earth's upper atmosphere and at ground level. Ozone can be good or bad, depending on where it is found.

21. What is the ozone layer?
The ozone layer is a layer of gas consisting of O3 molecules, called ozone, that forms when free Oxygen molecules bond to O2 molecules.

22. Ozone Ozone is a molecule consisting of oxygen atoms.
Ozone gas can be created or destroyed by the sun’s UltraViolet rays as shown in the picture to the right.

23. Where is the ozone layer?
The ozone layer is a protective layer of gas molecules located within the stratosphere.
Ozone gas also exists in the troposphere and at ground level, but most is located within the stratospheric layer shown to the right.

24. Ground Level Ozone
at upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun’s harmful UV rays
at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants
formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust
irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

25. Earth’s Atmosphere

26. Ultra-Violet Radiation
UV rays penetrate the Earth’s atmosphere at 3 slightly different wavelengths called UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C rays.

27. So, why is the ozone layer important to life on Earth?
The stratospheric ozone layer completely stops the penetration of UV-C rays and eliminates most of the UV-B rays.
Therefore, the ozone layer protects life on Earth from the harmful effects of solar radiation on a daily basis.

28. So what might life be like without the ozone layer?

29. Good Ozone
Good ozone occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere, where it forms a protective layer that shields us from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. This beneficial ozone has been partially destroyed by manmade chemicals, causing what is sometimes called a "hole in the ozone."

30. How are we as humans affecting the ozone layer?
Since 1928, Chlorofluorocarbons have been produced, originally as nonflammable refrigerants for use in refrigerators, and eventually for use in fire extinguishers, dry cleaning agents, pesticides, degreasers, adhesives, and as propellants for aerosol products.
As these CFCs have been released into the atmosphere, the level of ozone in the stratosphere has decreased.
CFCs have an estimated lifespan of more than 100 years.

31. CFC’s
Chlorofloruocarbons – They are contains in aerosol hair spray and refrigerator coolants. They combine with the higher level ozone and remove it from the air. Causes thinning of the ozone.

32. CFCs and Ozone

33. Thinning of Upper OZone Layer

34. And the effects of all those CFCs...

35. So what about the hole in the ozone layer?
October 1979
October 2007

36. The Ozone Hole
Since the 1970’s the ozone hole has been increasing in size over the Antarctic.
For the first time, in September of 2000, the ozone hole became so large it actually left populated areas of southern Chile fully exposed to the effects of the Sun’s UV rays.

37. Chile’s Ozone Hole

38. How does ozone depletion affect global warming and ultimately climate change?
As ozone levels in the stratosphere are depleted, more solar radiation penetrates the Earth’s atmosphere.
This affect results in an increase in solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface adding to an increase in surface temperature.
In turn, global warming actually results in a warming of the troposphere, but a cooling of the stratosphere, hindering the ozone layer’s natural chemistry for repairs.

39. So what are we doing about it?
After the discovery of ozone depletion in the late 1970’s, many countries agreed that something must be done worldwide to stop the production of man-made, ozone harmful products.
The latest reports confirm that it has led to the phasing out of about 95% of the consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) listed in the agreement. In turn, this has led to the prospect of the ozone layer recovering by 2050 to 2075.

40. BAD OZONE
Tropospheric, or ground level ozone, is not emitted directly into the air, but is created by chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (Nox). This happens when pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other sources chemically react in the presence of sunlight. Ozone at ground level is a harmful air pollutant, because of its effects on people and the environment, and it is the main ingredient in “smog." 

41. Acid Rain

42. Acid Rain
Acid rain is basically rain that has a pH of 5.6 or less.

43. Acid Rain
Rain that has a pH lower than regular rain water. Forms when gases containing nitrogen and sulfur react with water and oxygen to form acids. Rain falls on ground and lake and lowers the pH of water and soil. Most organisms cannot live in this lower pH environment. Gases responsible – Nitrous oxide, sulfuric acid, and carbon dioxide

44. What is Acid Rain
Formed when gases, such as CO2 and SO2 react with the water in the atmosphere
The pH of Rain drops
As low as pH of 2
Very harmful to our
living environment

45. Sulfur Dioxide
produced when coal and fuel oil are burned
present in power plant exhaust
Combines with water in air and forms sulfuric acid

46. Causes of Acid Rain
Burning coal. Oil and natural gas in power stations makes electricity, giving off sulphur dioxide gas.
Burning petrol and oil in vehicle engines gives off nitrogen oxides as gases.
These gases mix with water vapour and rainwater in the atmosphere producing weak solutions of sulphuric and nitric acids – which fall as acid rain.

47. The Problem! People probably couldn't live without
electricity! Therefore coal will continue to be burnt.
Also, electricity and energy are constantly
being overused.
Think of it this way: every time you turn on a
light switch or the television set without really
needing to, you're indirectly contributing to the acid
rain problem.

48. Nitrogen Dioxide
Forms acid with water
reddish, brown gas
produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmosphere
present in car exhaust and power plants
affects lungs and causes wheezing; increases chance of respiratory infection

49. Make a claim about what has happened in this picture.

50. How Acid Rain Affects The Environment
Acid rain washes nutrients from the soil which leads to death of the plant Trees
The needles and leaves of the trees turn brown and fall off.
Trees can also suffer from stunted growth; and have damaged bark and leaves, which makes them vulnerable to weather, disease, and insects.

51. Lakes are also damaged by acid rain
Lakes are also damaged by acid rain. Fish die off, and that removes the main source of food for birds. Acid rain can even kill fish before they are born when the eggs are laid and come into contact with the acid.
Fish usually die only when the acid level of a lake is high; when the acid level is lower, they can become sick, suffer stunted growth, or lose their ability to reproduce.
Also, birds can die from eating "toxic" fish and insects.

52. How does Acid Rain effect us
It kills micro-organisms
It poisons plants
It damages metals and limestone
It kills fish

53. Humans
Humans can become seriously ill, and can even die from the effects of acid rain. One of the major problems that acid rain can cause in a human being is respiratory problems.
Many can find it difficult to breathe, especially people who have asthma. Asthma, along with dry coughs, headaches, and throat irritations can be caused by the sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides from acid rain.

54. More problems!!! Acid rain can travel long distances.
Often it doesn’t fall where the gas is produced. High chimneys disperse (spread) the gases and winds blow them great distances before they dissolve and fall to Earth as rain.
Eg gases produced in England and Western Europe can result in acid rain in Scotland and Scandinavia.

55. Buildings
Acid rain dissolves the stonework and mortar of buildings (especially those made out of sandstone or limestone).
It reacts with the minerals in the stone to form a powdery substance that can be washed away by rain.

56. Acid Rain

57. Explain how acid rain is formed.

58. Explain why acid rain does not effect the area where the acid is formed.

60. Carbon Monoxide Colorless, odorless
Produced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuels
Present in car exhaust
Deprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision
Your body would rather have CO
than O

61. Possible Aim/s: Do Now:
a. How does global warming work? b. What’s up with global warming? c. How does carbon dioxide emission affect global warming?
Do Now:
Write at least three questions
about the diagram/picture.

62. The Greenhouse Effect

63. CAUSE OF GREENHOUSE EFFECT!

64. FIRST, YOU MUST UNDERSTAND WHAT MAKES UP THE ATMOSPHERE!!!

65. Which gases in the atmosphere trap heat?
The atmosphere is made of 78% Nitrogen and 21% Oxygen.
But these gases don’t trap heat and cause global warming or climate change.
What % of the atmosphere is left?
The gases which trap heat make up less than 1% of the atmosphere! They are called the ‘greenhouse gases’.
The main greenhouse gases are:
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Ozone
Water vapour
Halocarbons
Human activity increases the amount of these gases in the atmosphere

66. Earth’s Atmospheric Gases
Nitrogen (N2)
Non- Greenhouse
Gases
99%
Oxygen (O2)
Water (H2O)
Greenhouse
Gases 1%
Likewise, the earth’s atmospheric gases affect the ability of the earth to radiate the Sun’s energy back into space.  Nitrogen and  Oxygen  make up 99% of the earth’s atmospheric gases  and are non-greenhouse gases.  Water,  Carbon Dioxide,  and Methane  make up 1% of the earth’s atmosphere,  but are greenhouse gases, since they cause the earth to retain heat. 
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)

67. GREENHOUSE GASES THEY ARE HEAVIER THAN OXYGEN AND NITROGEN!!
SINCE THEY ARE HEAVIER THEY TRAP HEAT!!!

68. What is the atmosphere and why does it trap heat?
The atmosphere is the air around the surface of the earth. It is made from a mixture of gases. We need it for animals and plants to survive.
Some of the gases act like a blanket, trapping heat. These gases are called ‘greenhouse gases’.
This is known as the ‘Natural Greenhouse Effect’. Without it, the earth would be much colder.
(the atmosphere is really much thinner than it looks above)

69. The sun sends out energy as heat and light
The sun sends out energy as heat and light. This energy comes to our earth during the day time.
Some of the sun’s rays get ‘trapped’ in the atmosphere.
Some of them get reflected back into space.
The ones which get through the atmosphere warm the earth up.

70. So why is global warming happening?
Some things that people do are increasing the amounts of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, so more heat is trapped.
The heating of the earth through human activities is called the ‘Enhanced Greenhouse Effect’ and this is causing the earth to heat up, or global warming.
Global warming doesn’t just mean that the earth gets hotter, it means that the whole climate is changing.
(the atmosphere is really much thinner than it looks above)

71. How do humans increase carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
Burning fossil fuels releases the carbon dioxide stored millions of years ago. Most of the increased carbon dioxide comes from fossil fuels
Deforestation releases the carbon stored in trees. Less trees also means less carbon dioxide can be removed from the atmosphere.

72. How do humans increase methane levels in the atmosphere?
Increased rice growing
Methane is produced when bacteria rot organic matter
Increased rubbish in landfill
Increased livestock farming
Methane is also released when fossil fuels are extracted
The amount of methane in the atmosphere has increased by two and a half times since the Industrial Revolution.

74. How Global Warming Works
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

76. Sun
Greenhouse Effect
To a certain degree, the earth acts like a greenhouse.  Energy from the Sun penetrates the glass of a greenhouse and warms the air and objects within the greenhouse. The same glass slows the heat from escaping, resulting in much higher temperatures within the greenhouse than outside it. 

77. Example of the Greenhouse Effect
The Sun’s energy passes through the car’s windshield.
This energy (heat) is trapped inside the car and cannot pass back through the windshield, causing the inside of the car to warm up.

78. NATURAL CAUSES FOR GLOBAL WARMING
Volcanoes, Sunspots, wobbly earth, melting permafrost, natural forest fires

79. Global Warming

80. What’s the difference between “global warming” and “climate change”?

81. Difference GLOBAL WARMING
is the increase of the Earth’s average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
CLIMATE CHANGE
is a broader term that refers to long-term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation.

82. These greenhouse gases last a long time…
The U.S. emits about 6.4 billion metric tons of greenhouse gases annually, 25% of the world’s total.
6.4 billion metric tons CO2/yr
These greenhouse gases last a long time…
Carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere for approximately 100 years, methane lasts about 12 years. Other greenhouse gases last even longer.
Warming begets more warming…
As these gases continue to raise surface temperatures, they trigger the release of even greater quantities of carbon dioxide and methane that are currently trapped in frozen Arctic permafrost and tundra soils, further increasing temperatures.
A feedback mechanism ensues…
…potentially causing “runaway global warming”.

83. What’s the proof that global warming is taking place?

84. Effects of Global Warming
Rising Sea Level
Increased Temperature
Habitat Damage and
Species Affected
Changes in Water Supply

85. What Might Happen? Cause and Effects
1) Global temperatures will rise!!!
Is the climate warming? YES!
Global surface temperatures have increased about 0.6°C since the late-19th century, and about 0.2 to 0.3°C over the past 25 years
How about each year, how hot is it really getting? Lets take a look at the average temperatures since the 1880’s and see the projections of where we are going.
Then we can look at the top 20 hottest ever recorded yearly temperatures!

87. The 20 Hottest Years on Record

88. 2) The Ice is Melting!
The Ocean waters are already rising due to increases in the earths temperature (warm water expands!)
Icebergs don't raise sea levels when they melt because they're floating, which means they have displaced all the water they're ever going to.
Ice on land, like Greenland's, is a different matter. Pour that into oceans and you deluge shorelines.
Just an FYI, the melting permafrost will release vast amounts of trapped carbon (CO2/CH4) into the air.
Another FYI, glaciers, which have a very high albedo, are diminishing, so more heat is being absorbed by the earth which will result in higher temperatures.

90. Ice is thinning Antarctica, home to these Adélie penguins, is heating up. The annual melt season has increased up to three weeks in 20 years.

91. At sea, in the Canadian high Arctic, a polar bear negotiates what was once solid ice. Bears are drowning as warmer waters widen the distance from floe to floe

92. Upsala Glacier, Argentina, which was once one of the grandest glaciers to ever exist, continues to shrink on a yearly basis

93. Portage Glacier Alaska 1914 2004
Photos: NOAA Photo Collection and Gary Braasch – WorldViewOfGlobalWarming.org

94. 3) Oceans Currents
Warmer oceans can be mean colder continents within a hotter globe.
Larger amounts of fresh water are being added to our oceans.
If oceans becomes diluted by freshwater, the salt concentration drops, and the water gets lighter, idling on top and stalling some currents.
Ocean currents running between warm and cold regions serve as natural thermoregulators, distributing heat from the equator toward the poles.

95. 4) Drought
An increase in the occurrence of drought – Areas that lack precipitation over a long period of time.
As fast as global warming is transforming the oceans and the ice caps, it's having an even more immediate effect on land.
People, animals and plants living in dry, mountainous regions like the western U.S. make it through summer thanks to snowpack that collects on peaks all winter and slowly melts off in warm months. Lately the early arrival of spring and the unusually blistering summers have caused the snowpack to melt too early, so that by the time it's needed, it's largely gone.
Global warming is tipping other regions of the world into drought in different ways. Higher temperatures bake moisture out of soil faster, causing dry regions that live at the margins to cross the line into full-blown crisis.

98. 5) Flora and Fauna
Hot, dry land can be murder on flora and fauna, and both are taking a bad hit. Wildfires in such regions as Indonesia, the western U.S. and even inland Alaska have been increasing as timberlands and forest floors grow more parched. The blazes create a feedback loop of their own, pouring more carbon into the atmosphere and reducing the number of trees, which inhale CO2 and release oxygen.
With habitats crashing, animals that live there are succumbing too. Environmental groups can tick off scores of species that have been determined to be at risk as a result of global warming.
In Alaska, salmon populations are at risk as melting permafrost pours mud into rivers, burying the gravel the fish need for spawning. Small animals such as bushy-tailed wood rats, alpine chipmunks and piñon mice are being chased upslope by rising temperatures, following the path of the fleeing trees.

99. Pacific salmon populations fell sharply in 1997 and 1998, when local ocean temperatures rose 6 degrees F.

100. Costa Rica announced that two-thirds of 110 species of colorful harlequin frogs have vanished in the past 30 years

101. The Quiver tree (S. Africa), is starting to die off as it struggles to survive in arid conditions that are now worsening

102. 6) Extreme Weather
As the world warms, some extreme climate events, like the frequency of heat waves and very heavy precipitation, are expected to increase.
Blizzards and snow storms may actually increase in intensity and frequency in some colder locations
As climate change gathers pace, devastation caused by extreme weather is becoming more common.
Many extreme weather events require energy, often in the form of heat. As temperatures increase, extreme weather events will tend to increase in severity.
The number of hurricanes that occurred in 2004 was the third-highest number in the window.
The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active Atlantic hurricane season in recorded history

103. Bushfires are becoming more and more common due to intense heat and long periods without precipitation. Bushfire numbers are especially on the rises in countries like the US and Australia

104. Tornadoes are increasing in number and in severity, perhaps an effect of global warming

105. Hurricanes are increasing in numbers and in severity, Hurricanes require warm ocean temperatures in order to form.

106. Why is global warming happening?

107. Burning of Fossil Fuels
Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil
Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil
Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil

108. When did global warming start?

109. Global Atmospheric Concentration of CO2

110. What is carbon dioxide and how is it discovered?
Joseph Black, a Scottish chemist and physician, first identified carbon dioxide in the 1750s. At room temperatures (20-25 oC), carbon dioxide is an odourless, colourless gas, which is faintly acidic and non-flammable. Carbon dioxide is a molecule with the molecular formula CO2. The linear molecule consists of a carbon atom that is doubly bonded to two oxygen atoms, O=C=O.

111. Applications of carbon dioxide by humans
Humans use carbon dioxide in many different ways. The most familiar example is its use in soft drinks and beer, to make them fizzy. Carbon dioxide released by baking powder or yeast makes cake batter rise. Some fire extinguishers use carbon dioxide because it is denser than air. Carbon dioxide can blanket a fire, because of its heaviness.

112. The part carbon dioxide plays in environmental processes
Carbon dioxide plays an important part in vital plant and animal process, such as photosynthesis and respiration.

113. Environmental problems - the greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gasses absorb some of the heat and trap it near the earth's surface, so that the earth is warmed up. This process, commonly known as the greenhouse effect.
The amount of heat in the troposphere depends on concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gasses and the amount of time these gasses remain in the atmosphere. The most important greenhouse gasses are carbon dioxide, CFC's (Chlor-Fluoro-Carbons), nitrogen oxides and methane.

114. What is a carbon footprint?
Carbon footprint (FP): is “the total set of GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, event or product” (UK Carbon Trust 2008).
Everyone in this room has a FP

115. How is global warming measured?

116. CO2 Measurements Before 1958 - Antarctica
Ice Core Data
CO2 Measurements Before Antarctica

117. CO2 Atmospheric Measurements
CO2 Measurements Since 1958 – Mauna Loa, Hawaii

118. 1000 Years of CO2 and Global Warming
Temperature (Northern Hemisphere)
CO2 Concentrations
Degree Celsius Increase
Parts Per Million
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Year
Year

119. What’s being done now to reduce our emissions?
Wind Power
Solar Power
Fuel-Efficiency

120. What can you do to help solve the problem?

121. The 3 R’s
RECYCLE, REDUCE, & REUSE!!!!!!!!

122. Top 10 Things You can do to stop Global Warming
   
10.Plant a couple of additional trees around your home.CO2 reduction = 20 lbs/year
9.Use a push mower to cut your lawn instead of a power mower.CO2 reduction = 80 lbs/year
8.Replace your home’s refrigerator with a high-efficiency model.CO2 reduction = 220 lbs/year
7.Buy food or other products with reusable or recyclable packaging instead of non-recyclable packaging.CO2 reduction=230 lbs/year
6.Replace your washing machine with a low-energy, low-water-use machine.CO2 reduction = 440 lbs/year

123. What’s being Done?
In 1992 nations from around the world met at the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio and agreed to voluntarily reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year The Rio Treaty was not legally binding and, because reducing emissions would likely cause great economic damage, many nations will not meet the goal.
Nation representatives met again in December of 1997 at a conference in Kyoto to sign a revised agreement.
Since then, a number of negotiations on Kyoto have taken place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bonn, Germany, the Hague, Netherlands, and in Kyoto again.

124. Top 10 Things You can do to stop Global Warming
5.  Install a solar thermal system to help provide your hot water.CO2 reduction = 720 lbs/year
4.  Recycle all of your homes waste: newsprint, cardboard, glass and metal.CO2 reduction = 850 lbs/year
3.Leave your car at home two days a week (walk, bike or take public transportation to work instead).CO2 reduction = 1,590 lbs/year
2.  Insulate your home, tune up your furnace, and install energy efficient shower heads.CO2 reductions = 2,480 lbs/year
1.Purchase a fuel efficient car (rated up to 32 mpg or more) to replace your most frequently used automobile. 

125. Human Effects
Deforestation – large scale cutting and burning of trees. Land must be cleared for agriculture. By cutting down trees, less CO2 is removed from atmosphere. More CO2 builds up causing pollution.

126. Solutions
1. Sulphur dioxide can be removed from power stations chimneys but this process is expensive.
2. Reduce the amount of electricity we use
- turn tv’s off at the mains, don’t leave on standby.
- turn off lights when a room is not in use.
3. Use renewable energy like wind power, solar panels, tidal power, HEP schemes and geothermal energy.
4. Fit catalytic converters to vehicle exhausts which remove the nitrogen oxides.
5. Limit the number of vehicles on the roads and increase public transport.

127. Ride your bike
Tell your friends and family about pollution
Make sure your parents get pollution checks on their cars
Ride the school bus

128. Simple Things To Do Turn off your computer or the TV
when you’re not using it.
Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.
Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or
curtains.
Turn off the lights when you leave a room.
Use compact fluorescent bulbs.

129. Be Bulb Smart—Use CFLs What’s the difference? Compact Fluorescent
Incandescent
500 lbs. of coal
1,430 lbs. CO2 pollution avoided
$30 saved

130. Simple Things To Do Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up
the air conditioning. Or use a fan.
Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning
up the heat.
Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on
your AC and furnace clean.
Walk short distances instead of asking for a
ride in the car.
Plant a tree.
Recycle.