1. Bellringer Rationalism philosophes separation of powers
social contract
Enlightenment
Ch. 17 Sec 2 Pgs

2. I Can…
Explain the Enlightenment was an extension of the Scientific Revolution in all aspects of life.

3. Scientific Revolution: Breakthroughs
Began in Europe as a new way to view mankind’s place in the universe.
Observation and accurate measurements: used to calculate the weight that ships could hold
Telescope and microscope: made new discoveries possible

4. Nicholas Copernicus
Heliocentric: all bodies revolve around the sun

5. Galileo Galilei
Heavenly bodies(planets) were made of material substance, not light

6. Universal Law of Gravity: every object was attracted to every other object by a force called gravity (Isaac Newton)
Rationalism: system of thought: all matter is separate and can be viewed as dead, inert, and can be investigated. (Rene Decartes)
Scientific Method: inductive reasoning to learn about nature (Francis Bacon)

7. Numbered Heads #1
Who were the major scientist of the Scientific Revolution and what were their discoveries and theories?

8. The Enlightenment
18th century philosophical movement of intellectuals who were greatly impressed with the Scientific Revolution.
Philosophes: intellectuals, made up of the nobility and middle class.
Could apply reason and the scientific method to understand life

9. John Locke
Believed that people were born with blank minds “Tabula Rasa” Are molded by there observations and experiences, if given the right influences people could be changed to create a new society

10. Isaac Newton
Thought of the world as a machine created by a mechanic (GOD)
World machine runs according to “Natural Laws”
If all institutions followed these “natural laws”, we would live in the ideal society

11. Montesquieu Believed England had 3 branches of government:
1. Executive (monarch)
2.Legislative (Parliament)
3. Judicial (courts)
Believed this “separation of powers” gave the government a system of checks and balances”

12. Adam Smith
Believed that of people were free to pursue their own economic self-interest, all of society would ultimately benefit.
Government should have no say in the economy (laissez-faire)

13. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Passionately committed to individual freedom.
Believed man was born free and good but easily corrupted.
Believed the only good government was the “general will” or direct democracy.

14. Voltaire
Wrote more than 70 books of political essays, philosophy, and drama.
Used satire against his enemies, especially the clergy.
Beliefs:
Tolerance
Reason
Freedom of religious belief
Freedom of speech
“I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.”

15. Mary Wollstonecraft Women should be equally educated along with men.
Women should enter professions traditionally dominated by men like medicine and politics.
Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

16. Numbered Heads #2
Who were the major Philosophes of the Enlightenment and what were their ideas?

17. Written Summarization (Closure)
How was the Enlightenment an extension of the Scientific Revolution?