1. Splash Screen

2. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation Visual Summary
Introduction
Section 1: The Land
Section 2: Climate and Vegetation
Visual Summary
Chapter Menu

3. A study of the physical geography of Europe will reveal how physical features influence the lives of its people and how people have managed and used the continent’s natural resources to survive and prosper.
Chapter Intro 1

4. Section 1: The Land
Physical processes shape Earth’s surface. Physical forces shaped Europe’s landforms, water systems, and natural resources. These features have shaped the lives of people living in Europe.
Chapter Intro 2

5. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation
Physical processes shape Earth’s surface. Latitude, mountain barriers, ocean currents, and proximity to large bodies of water affect Europe’s climate and vegetation.
Chapter Intro 3

6. Chapter Preview-End

7. The Land
Physical forces shaped Europe’s landforms, water systems, and natural resources.
Section 1-GTR

8. The Land glaciation polder fjord loess dike located process
Section 1-GTR

9. The Land A. Alps B. Rhine River C. Po River D. Northern European Plain
E. Baltic Sea
Section 1-GTR

10. The Land F. North Sea G. Mediterranean Sea H. British Isles
I. Aegean Sea
J. Danube River
K. Black Sea
Section 1-GTR

11. The Land Most of Europe lies within how many miles of a seacoast?
A. 450 miles
B. 300 miles
C. 150 miles A B C
Section 1

12. The Land
Europe’s landscape, created over time by physical processes, has shaped the lives and settlement patterns of Europeans.
Wind, water, and ice are among the forces that have created Europe’s landforms.
Mountains:
Ben Nevis
Pyrenees
Alps
Carpathians
Section 1

13. The Land (cont.) Plains: Northern European Plain
The Great Hungarian Plain
Seas:
Atlantic Ocean
Baltic, North, Mediterranean, Aegean, Black Seas
Section 1

14. The Land (cont.) Peninsulas: Scandinavian Jutland Iberian Italian
Southeastern
Section 1

15. The Land (cont.) Islands: Iceland The British Isles
Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus
Balearic Islands, Malta’s 5 islands, Greece’s 2,000 islands
Building dikes and Polders
Section 1

16. Which group of European mountains is younger?
A. The northwestern mountains
B. Southern Europe’s mountains A B
Section 1

17. Water Systems
Europeans depend on rivers and canals for transportation, trade, and leisure activities.
Many of Europe’s rivers flow from mountain and highland areas to the coasts, which has enhanced natural waterways as transportation links.
Section 1

18. Water Systems (cont.) Rivers: Thames Rhine and Main Danube
Sein, Rhone, Loire
Elbe and Weser
Vistula Po
Dnieper
Section 1

19. Which river is the most important in western Europe? A. Thames
B. Rhine
C. Sein
D. Po A B C D
Section 1

20. Natural Resources
Natural resources influence economic activity in Europe.
Resources:
An abundant supply of coal and iron ore
Oil and natural gas deposits
Peat
Section 1

21. Natural Resources (cont.)
Bauxite
Zinc
Manganese
Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Coal Reserves in Europe
Section 1

22. Europeans today rely on coal, oil, gas, nuclear and hydroelectric power.
A. True
B. False A B
Section 1

23. Section 1-End

24. Climate and Vegetation
This section describes the many factors that affect climate and vegetation in different regions of Europe.
Section 2-GTR

25. Climate and Vegetation
permafrost
foehn
avalanche
timberline
mistral
sirocco
vary
normal
annual
Section 2-GTR

26. Climate and Vegetation
A. France
B. North Atlantic Current
C. Hungary
D. Romania
E. Ukraine
Section 2-GTR

27. Climate and Vegetation
How many different climate regions do you think exist in Europe?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 12 A B C D
Section 2

28. Influence on Climate
Latitude, mountain barriers, wind patterns, and distance from large bodies of water influence Europe’s climate patterns.
The climates and vegetation vary from cold, barren tundra to warm, shrub-covered Mediterranean coasts.
Section 2

29. Influence on Climate (cont.)
Factors that account for such variation:
Northern latitude
Proximity to the sea
Westerly winds
Presence of large mountain ranges
Europe: Natural Vegetation
Section 2

30. B. The North Atlantic Current C. Mountain ranges
Western and southern parts of Europe have a generally mild climate due to which reason?
A. Their latitude
B. The North Atlantic Current
C. Mountain ranges
D. The surrounding lakes A B C D
Section 2

31. Climate Regions
Europe’s climate regions range from cold northern climates to dry steppe climates in the southern part of the region.
Wind, ocean currents, latitude, and landforms all help determine Europe’s varied climates.
High-Latitude Regions:
Subarctic
Tundra
Highland
Section 2

32. Climate Regions (cont.)
Midlatitude Regions
Mediterranean
Humid subtropical
Marine west coast
Humid continental
Dry Regions
Steppe
Europe: Climate Regions
Section 2

33. Much of eastern Europe has which type of climate? A. Highland
B. Mediterranean
C. Steppe
D. Humid continental A B C D
Section 2

34. Section 2-End

35. A. Islands
Volcanic Iceland has hot springs and geysers; tundra and marine west coast climates
British Isles consist of islands of Great Britain and Ireland; lie northwest of the European mainland
Rugged mountains form islands of Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Crete, and Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea
VS 1

36. Major petroleum and natural gas reserves in the North Sea.
B. Resources
Major petroleum and natural gas reserves in the North Sea.
Coal deposits in the United Kingdom, Germany, Ukraine, and Poland.
Heavy investment in nuclear power in France.
VS 2

37. C. Peninsulas
Glaciation carved narrow, steep-sided fjords along the coasts of northern peninsulas.
Warm ocean currents create marine west coast climate in coastal areas of northern peninsulas
Southern peninsulas include the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan Peninsulas.
Mediterranean climate characterizes the Iberian and Italian Peninsulas.
VS 3

38. Po River in Italy key industrial development
D. Rivers
Rhine and Danube Rivers in the heartland of Europe are dominant rivers with large amounts of traffic.
Seine and Rhone Rivers in France are important for transportation and urban development.
Po River in Italy key industrial development
VS 4

39. Located in southern Europe; young, high, jagged mountains
E. The Alps
Located in southern Europe; young, high, jagged mountains
Source of some of Europe’s major rivers
Form a barrier that separates warm, dry climate of the Mediterranean from cooler climates of the north
VS 5

40. F. Northern European Plain
Stretches from southeastern England and western France east to Poland, Ukraine, and Russia
Mild climate, fertile soil, and access to rivers make it a highly productive agricultural area
VS 6

41. VS-End

42. Figure 1

43. Figure 2

44. Figure 3

45. Figure 4

46. DFS Trans 1

47. DFS Trans 2

48. glaciation
the process whereby glaciers form and spread
Vocab1

49. loess (LEHS)
clay, usually carried by the wind
Vocab2

50. dike
large bank of earth and stone that holds back water
Vocab3

51. polder
low-lying area from which seawater has been drained to create new farmland
Vocab4

52. fjord (fee•YORD)
long, steep-sided glacial valley now filled by seawater
Vocab5

53. permafrost
permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground
Vocab6

54. timberline elevation above which it is too cold for trees to grow
Vocab7

55. mistral
strong northerly wind from the Alps that can bring cold air to southern France
Vocab8

56. sirocco
hot desert wind that can blow air and dust from North Africa to western Europe’s Mediterranean coast
Vocab9

57. foehn (FUHN)
dry wind that blows from the leeward sides of mountains, sometimes melting snow and causing avalanches; term used mainly in Europe
Vocab10

58. avalanche
large mass of ice, snow, or rock that slides down a mountainside
Vocab11

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