1. HW: 135 Things… due TOMORROW
Thursday
June 1, 2017
I can:
review ecology concepts
Catalyst
A man who is a carrier for sickle cell anemia has a child with a woman who is also a carrier. What is the likelihood that they will have healthy children?
What causes skin cells to be different from muscle cells?
How do the environment and genetics interact in PKU?
Agenda
(10) Catalyst
(20) Ecology Review
(40) Trashketball
(15) LAST Daily Quiz
HW: 135 Things… due TOMORROW

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14. heterotrophs need to eat to get energy
producers use the sun as a source of energy; also called autotrophs
food webs
primary consumers eat the producers
heterotrophs need to eat to get energy
secondary consumers eat the primary consumers
plant/animal 1
eaten by
animal 2

15. energy pyramids bear red fox birds insects leaves biomass
Create an energy pyramid from the food chain: leaves → insects → birds → red fox → bear
bioaccumulation
Where is the most energy in the pyramid?
1 kcal
bear
Where is the least energy?
10 kcal
red fox
What happens to energy as it moves through the food web?
birds
100 kcal
insects
1,000 kcal
The other 90% of the energy is lost as heat!
leaves
biomass
10,000 kcal

16. BIOACCUMULATION build up of toxic substances pesticides fertilizers
DDT
PCBs
mercury

17. b

18. b

19. Which group has the greatest amount of biomass?
Hawk
Plant
Snake
Wolf
Which is the autotroph?
a. Grasshopper
b. Hawk
c. Plant
d. Rabbit
B c

20. How do populations of predators and prey change as food sources decrease in a habitat?
Prey increase and then predators decrease
Prey decrease and then predator increase
Prey decrease and then predators decrease
Prey and predator populations decrease at the same time c

21. Which best describes why doctors advise pregnant women to avoid foods like tuna fish?
Pesticide use
Bioaccumulation
Antibiotic content
Nutritional content b

22. Predators keep prey populations in check.
Populations can increase, decrease, or stay the same over time. What factors affect population size?
Birth rate is the number of babies born in a certain amount of time. If birth rate increases, population increases.
Predators keep prey populations in check.
Death rate is the number of people that die in a certain amount of time. If death rate increases, the population decreases.

23. Impact of Disease Disease can increase death rate in a population.
Large populations living close together are most affected by disease. If more people in a population are dying from disease than are being born, the population can be wiped out.
when the Black Death hit and caused the population to plummet

24. Types of Population Growth
Carrying capacity is the largest population the environment can support. This happens when not enough food or water limits a population’s growth.
Exponential growth is growth that keeps increasing.
The birth rate is always greater than the death rate.
Logistic growth goes up, then flattens out.
At the flat part, the birth rate and death rates are equal. Carrying capacity has been reached.

25. a

26. Ten fish were living well in a 10­ gallon fish tank
Ten fish were living well in a 10­ gallon fish tank. When five fish were added to the tank later, some fish began to die. Which best explains this occurrence?
A. The fish ran out of carbon dioxide.
B. The fish had no space in which to swim.
C. The fish exceeded the carrying capacity of the tank.
D. The new fish began to use the older fish for food. c

27. (burning fossil fuels = increased CO2)
the carbon cycle
HUMAN IMPACT
(burning fossil fuels = increased CO2)
DEFORESTATION

28. Human Impacts: Released Gases
Carbon dioxide causes global warming.
Chlorofluorocarbons destroy the ozone layer.
CFCs

30. Whiteboard Questions d

31. Whiteboard Questions b

32. Whiteboard Questions a

33. Whiteboard Questions
Which of the following is considered a greenhouse gas used to keep heat in the environment?
oxygen
nitrogen
trace gases
carbon dioxide d

34. Whiteboard Questions
A hill in the rain forest was once completely covered with trees. A logging company cut down all of the trees. Which is a form of environmental degradation that will most likely result because of the cutting down of trees?
A.There will be more biodiversity.
B.The soil will be stripped of its minerals.
C.The air will be depleted of carbon dioxide.
D.There will be more oxygen released into the air. b

35. TRASHKETBALL!

36. In an experiment, Pavlov caused a dog to salivate when it heard the ring of a bell. Which type of learning was demonstrated by the dog?
habituation
imprinting
conditioning
trial and error

37. Due to insecticides, the cricket population is greatly reduced
Due to insecticides, the cricket population is greatly reduced. Which population is most affected by this event?
mouse
hawk
grass
frog

38. The crab Lybia tessellata carries a pair of sea anemones on its claws
The crab Lybia tessellata carries a pair of sea anemones on its claws. The crab uses the sea anemone’s stinging tentacles as protection and the sea anemone obtains small food particles released by the crab as it feeds. Which type of symbiotic relationship does this best illustrate?
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
predation

39. Which substance is considered to be a factor affecting Earth’s ozone layer?
chlorofluorocarbons
ethyl alcohol
nitrogen gas
water vapor

40. Which is an example of a learned behavior?
A bear cub practices catching salmon the way its mother does.
A baby gazelle rises to its feet within a few minutes of its birth.
A baby kangaroo climbs into its mother’s pouch as soon as it is born.
An adult salmon return to its freshwater stream when it is time to reproduce.

41. Sandworms are annelid worms that live on the seafloor
Sandworms are annelid worms that live on the seafloor. They absorb oxygen and excrete wastes through their skin. Which characteristic will best help the worm carry out these functions?
large number of hearts
large diameter blood vessels
large mouth compared to body volume
large surface area compared to body volume

42. In an ecosystem, which is the most likely reason for an increase in the produce population if there is an increase in the carnivore population?
fewer herbivores
higher temperatures
less food
more oxygen

43. Which graph represents the maximum carrying capacity of a bacterial colony?

44. When worker bees return to the hive, they perform a sequence of movements called a waggle dance to show other members of the colony where food is located. Which type of behavior does this best illustrate?
aggressive behavior
courtship behavior
social behavior
territorial behavior

45. Which sequence shows increasing ecological levels of organization?
organism, population, community, ecosystem
ecosystem, population, organism, community
community, ecosystem, population, organism
population, organism, ecosystem, community

46. The graph shows changes in human populations
The graph shows changes in human populations. What can be concluded from the graph?
Human population grew at a constant rate over the last 2,000 years.
Human population grew exponentially over the past 200 years.
Human population reached is carrying capacity around the year 1900.
Human population will begin to level off around 2010.

47. Some birds live in close association with horses
Some birds live in close association with horses. These birds feed on insects that are parasites to horses. Which type of relationship between the horses and these birds does this illustrate?
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
predation

48. This diagram shows the flow of carbon in a terrestrial ecosystem.
Which will most likely happen if the decomposers are removed from the carbon cycle?
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will increase.
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will decrease.
The acmount of carbon dioxide used by producers will increase
The amount of carbon dioxide needed by consumers will decrease.

49. What is the function of autotrophs in the carbon cycle?
to use oxygen to produce glucose
to take in excess water
to use carbon dioxide to produce glucose
to feed on herbivores

50. Two different populations of birds live in the same area and eat the same types of food. Which most likely describes the relationship between these two populations of birds?
competition
mutualism
parasitism
predator-prey

51. Which will most likely happen if the human population continues to grow at current rates?
There will be fewer natural resources available for future generations.
There will be an increase in nitrogen levels in the atmosphere.
There will be a decrease in water pollution.
There will be an increase in he number of strong hurricanes.

52. The males of a bird species do a “dance” and “sing a song” each spring
The males of a bird species do a “dance” and “sing a song” each spring. What is the main purpose of these behaviors?
to scare off young birds
to imprint young birds
to clean their feathers
to attract female birds

53. Which environmental concern is most associated with burning fossil fuels?
global climate change
pollution of ocean waters
ozone layer destruction
decrease in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide

54. The construction of a new coal-burning power plant would have the greatest impact on which environmental issue?
depletion of the ozone
production of acid rain
release of radiation
increase in deforestation

55. At night, moths travel toward light
At night, moths travel toward light. Which type of behavior does this describe?
habituation
imprinting
innate behavior
learned behavior

56. Which environmental factor would cause the greatest decrease in the number of species of plants and animals living in some of the lakes in the United States?
increase in dissolved oxygen levels
global warming
ozone destruction
acid rain

57. If worldwide deforestation is not regulated, what could most likely result?
Acid rain could lower the pH of rivers and lakes to dangerous levels for aquatic life.
CO2 levels in the atmosphere could increase and contribute to global warming problems.
Plants and animals could become better adapted to living in desert conditions.
Future generations of humans could have an excess of wood and paper products.

58. The yucca plant releases a strong scent at night when the yucca moth is active. The yucca moth, attracted by the scent, gather pollen from the yucca flower. The yucca moth then deposits her eggs and the pollen on another plant. This ensures that the plant will be cross-pollinated and that the yucca moth larvae have a steady food supply. Which relationship does this best illustrate?
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
predation

59. Which of the following is considered a greenhouse gas used to keep heat in the environment?
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Trace gases
Carbon dioxide

60. Which human activity causes an immediate increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
Deforestation
Reforestation
Burning fossil fuels
Biological magnification

61. Which is a reason why invasive species thrive in new habitats?
Their new habitats have reached carrying capacity.
Their new habitats lack the natural resources needed for population growth.
Their new habitats have many predators that limit their population growth.
Their new habitats may not have the same predators found in their previous environment that can limit their population growth.

62. Which is most likely to occur as more forested areas are converted to non-forest lands?
Animal habitats will decline and biodiversity will decrease.
Deforested areas will become more fertile for producing crops.
Global warming problems will decrease, reducing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
The amount of water in soil and in groundwater will increase, since trees are not using water.

63. Which best distinguishes between renewable and nonrenewable resources?
Renewable resources are replenished by nature, while nonrenewable resources are replenished by man.
Renewable resources are replenished by man, while nonrenewable resources are replenished by technology.
Renewable resources are used up and replaced in a short time period, while nonrenewable resources take thousands of years to replace.
Renewable resources can take thousands of years to replace, while nonrenewable resources are replaced in a relatively short period of time.

64. Which is the most accepted hypothesis as to why invasive species take over communities into which they are introduced?
Invasive species are more aggressive in competing for the limited resources of the environment.
Invasive species have a higher reproduction potential than the native species already present.
Invasive species come from geographically isolated regions and thrive in areas of high competition.
Invasive species are not held in check by the same predators and diseases that limit native species.

65. A small group of monkeys discover how to break open nuts by smashing them with a rock. Their offspring learn this skill through observation. Which type of adaptation is represented by these monkeys?
behavioral adaptation
structural adaptation
reproductive adaptation
environmental adaptation

66. Which best describes the long term effects of increased carbon dioxide emissions?
There will be decreased solar activity.
Temperatures on Earth will decrease.
Temperatures on Earth will increase.
Less carbon dioxide will dissolve into oceans.

67. In which level is most of the available energy located within an energy pyramid?
The producer level has the largest amount of available energy because it stores energy from the sun and supports all other trophic levels.
The primary consumer has the largest amount of available energy because it requires less energy to digest its vegetarian diet.
The secondary consumer has the largest amount of available energy because more energy is obtained from a meat-eating diet than from plants.
The tertiary consumer has the largest amount of available energy because it is at the top of the energy pyramid.

68. Which human activity most likely causes acid rain?
using chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
generating nuclear energy
burning fossil fuels
using pesticides

69. Which statement about the carbon cycle is true?
The carbon cycle ends when an organism dies.
Only animals are involved in the carbon cycle.
Carbon exists only as carbon dioxide in the cycle.
Carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere by cellular respiration.

70. Which describes the impact predators have on the population growth of the prey?
Predators maintain the prey population.
Predators increase the prey population growth.
Predators decrease the prey population growth.
Predators have no impact on the prey population growth.

71. Which population will suffer the greatest negative effects of disease?
low number of individuals in a small area
low number of individuals in a large area
high number of individuals in a small area
high number of individuals in a large area

72. Most of a snow leopard’s diet consists of rabbit
Most of a snow leopard’s diet consists of rabbit. What is most likely to happen if the population of snow leopards doubles?
Rabbit population will double.
Snow leopards will become extinct.
Rabbit population will decrease by half.
Neither the snow leopard, nor the rabbit populations will be affected.

73. A microscopic organism enters the body of another organism and lives and multiplies in the intestines of its host. The host does not benefit from the relationship. What term best describes this relationship?
Competition
Mutualism
Parasitism
Predation

74. A bird eats the ticks on the coat of an impala
A bird eats the ticks on the coat of an impala. What kind of relationship is this?
Parasitic
Predatory
Mutualistic
Competitive

75. Which would most likely occur if the global totals of the products of respiration exceeded the global totals of the products of photosynthesis?
The total amount of carbon dioxide would increase.
The amount of available carbon dioxide would remain the same.
The amount of available carbon dioxide would be significantly reduced.
Carbon dioxide totals would be balanced throughout the components of the hydrosphere.

76. Which organism belongs to the trophic level with the least amount of energy available for sustaining and maintaining life?
Frog
Grass
Snake
Grasshopper

77. Ants patrol the area where aphids feed, stinging and biting any other insects on the plants. In return, the aphids produce honeydew, a sugary substance on which the ants feed. Which best describes the relationship that exists between the ants and the aphids?
Commensalism
Predation
Parasitism
Mutualism

78. Which best describes the amount of carbon in the carbon cycle
Which best describes the amount of carbon in the carbon cycle? (Hypothetically)
It is increasing.
It is decreasing.
As the output equals the actual amount absorbed, it remains constant.
It fluctuates depending on the number of plants available for photosynthesis and respiration.

79. Which is considered a mutualistic relationship?
positive—negative
positive—no effect
positive—positive
negative—no effect

80. Why does atmospheric carbon dioxide increase as a result of deforestation?
Grass often replaces forests.
Farmers plant corn and soybeans.
There are fewer trees to absorb it.
The trees shade the soil from the sun.

81. In an experiment, a dog was made to salivate when it heard the ringing of a bell. Which type of learning is demonstrated by the dog?
Imprinting
Habituation
Conditioning
Trial and error

82. An energy pyramid shows the loss of energy at each trophic level
An energy pyramid shows the loss of energy at each trophic level. Which explains why energy is not really lost?
Some energy remains in the first trophic level.
An organism conserves its energy and stores it.
Some energy is converted into waste and heat energy.
An organism transfers its energy back and forth between trophic levels.