1. Affect, Attitudes, and Behavior at Work
Chapter 10
Psychology Applied to Work®
Affect, Attitudes, and Behavior at Work

2. Learning Objectives
Explain the role of affect, moods, and emotions in the workplace.
Explain the organizational attitudes of job satisfaction, work commitment, employee engagement, and organizational justice.
Understand the concepts of organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior and their relationships to other concepts.
Understand the concept of organizational politics.
Understand the concept of the psychological contract in employment and its changing nature.
Psychology Applied to Work®

3. Affect, Moods, and Emotions
Affect - broad range of feelings described along positive-negative continuum
Moods - general and relatively long lasting
Emotions - discrete, short, and target-specific
Psychology Applied to Work®

4. Emotions Five Categories Positive Negative Existential "Nasty"
Empathetic
Psychology Applied to Work®

5. Emotions (cont’d) Key Concepts
Emotional Labor - surface vs. deep acting
Emotion Regulation - attempts to modify one's emotions
Emotional Intelligence - ability to recognize and control emotions; controversial
Emotional Contagion - conscious and unconscious emotion synchronization
Psychology Applied to Work®

6. Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions
Psychology Applied to Work®

7. Job Attitudes Work Commitment Organizational Justice Job Satisfaction
Employee Engagement
Organizational Justice
Psychology Applied to Work®

8. Job Satisfaction Internal evaluation of job favorability
Broad differences in satisfaction
Can measure at two levels:
Global job satisfaction
Job facet satisfaction
Sample measures
Job Descriptive Index
Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire
Psychology Applied to Work®

9. Job Satisfaction (cont’d)
Brief’s Model of Job Satisfaction
Positive-negative dimension vs. objective job circumstances
Psychology Applied to Work®

10. Job Satisfaction (cont’d)
Judgments embedded in a relative context (links to sensation and perception research)
Honeymoon-hangover effect: possibility of a "set point" for job satisfaction
Key relationships
Correlations of personality with satisfaction
Relationship between satisfaction and job-related criteria
Relationship between satisfaction and withdrawal behavior
Psychology Applied to Work®

11. Work Commitment
Allegiance or loyalty to work - bonds reflecting dedication to and responsibility for one's work
Four types of bonds
Psychology Applied to Work®

12. Work Commitment (cont’d)
Tripartite view of commitment
Affective
Continuance
Normative
Targets of work commitment
Relationships with work-related constructs
Psychology Applied to Work®

13. Employee Engagement Three dimensions Distinct yet counter to burnout
Vigor
Dedication
Absorption
Distinct yet counter to burnout
Burnout: emotional exhaustion, cynicism, reduced personal accomplishment
Engagement more cognitive; burnout more emotional
Psychology Applied to Work®

14. Organizational Justice
Fair treatment of people in organizations
Typologies of organizational justice
Psychology Applied to Work®

15. Behaviors Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Counterproductive Work Behavior
Organizational Politics
Psychology Applied to Work®

16. Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Contributing to the organization’s welfare by going beyond duties
5 main dimensions to citizenship behavior:
Altruism
Conscientiousness
Courtesy
Sportsmanship
Civic virtue
Psychology Applied to Work®

17. Organizational Citizenship Behavior (cont’d)
Motives for employees to engage in citizenship behaviors
"do good" - good soldiers
"look good" - good actors
Origins of organizational citizenship behavior
Dispositional
Situational antecedents
Cautionary statements regarding organizational citizenship behaviors
Psychology Applied to Work®

18. Counterproductive Work Behavior
Behaviors harmful to employees or the organization
Categories of deviant behavior
Verbal
Physical
Sabotage
Severity (minor/major)
Recurrence (one time/ongoing)
Visibility (overt/covert)
Work-directed
Workplace homicide
Psychology Applied to Work®

19. Counterproductive Work Behavior (cont’d)
"Thermodynamics of revenge"
Employee heats up then cools down in one of several forms:
Venting
Dissipation
Fatigue
Explosion
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20. Counterproductive Work Behavior (cont’d)
Workplace bullying
Low performers vs. excellent performers
Organization's policies and practices
Bad applies vs. bad barrels
Spiraling effect of incivility
Cyberaggression and cyberbullying
Psychology Applied to Work®

21. Organizational Politics
Behaviors driven by self-interest
Who gets what, when, and how
Positive, neutral, and negative views of politics
Political games in organizations
Budgeting game
Expertise game
Rival camps game
Psychology Applied to Work®

22. Organizational Politics (cont’d)
Four components of political skill
Social astuteness
Interpersonal influence
Building networks and forming coalitions
Projected virtue
Responses to politics
Stress
Turnover intentions
Work attitudes
Psychology Applied to Work®

23. The Psychological Contract
Founded on concepts of mutuality and reciprocity
Types of contracts:
Transactional contracts (short-term)
Relational contracts (long-term)
Symmetrical vs. asymmetrical power
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24. The Psychological Contract (cont’d)
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25. The Psychological Contract (cont’d)
Violations of the psychological contract (consequences)
Sequential pattern of employee responses to violations
Move from relational to transactional
Voice
Silence
Retreat
Destruction
Exit
Psychology Applied to Work®