1. FMC and Unified Communications with Wi-Fi
Venkat Kalkunte
Thenu Kittappa
Peter Thornycroft
October 2008

2. Two development paths for VoFi1 2
Single-mode VoFi
Phones only work as Wi-Fi PBX extensions
Accepted technology in Healthcare, Retail, Manufacturing, Education
Dual-mode FMC
Phones work on the cellular and Wi-Fi networks
Great interest from all types of Enterprise and some consumer customer segments

3. Dual-mode market update June 2008
ABI Research, May 2008
-- The move to FMC infrastructure is a natural evolution for the mobile network as broadband services, including Voice over IP and other Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) services, begin to be deployed. Both Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) and SIP infrastructures are being deployed and dual use Wi-Fi and cellular devices will be joined by femtocells in Operators are fully aware of the increasing threat from mobile VoIP services and FMC will allow them to offer similar services and tariff packages.
Gartner, June 2008
-- Ultimately, remote and office-centric working models will converge, driving a greater interest in implementing fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) solutions.
-- The focus of communications is moving beyond basic connectivity and into applications. Complexity will be hidden from users, who have little interest in the underpinnings of the technology, as long as it works.
Infonetics, April 2008
-- The worldwide dual mode cellular/WiFi phone market hit $26.8B in 2007 and is forecast to nearly triple by 2011.
-- Nokia is the worldwide dual mode cellular/WiFi phone market share leader by far, followed by HTC and Sony Ericsson.
-- The number of worldwide seamless FMC subscribers is forecast to grow to 63.7 million in 2011, made up mostly of UMA (unlicensed mobile access) subscribers, although IMS subscribers increase significantly as well.

4. User expectations of smartphones
Emergency calls
Full capability wherever a call is made
Presence & IM
As with a PC
Voic
Corporate voic MWI
One-touch retrieval
Security
Encrypted over the air
Remote wipe capability
PBX Features
4-digit dialling in/out
Conference, transfer, etc
& Calendar
Corporate push
Calendar sync
Battery life
1-day or 7-day between charges
Contacts & directory
Contact sync
Corporate directory lookup
IT department expectations of smartphones
Scalability & Reliability
Voice Quality
Manageable devices
Security
Manageable
bills
End users and IT have significant expectations of feature sets and functionality.

5. Why is e-FMC so difficult?
Exploding handset development problem:
Yr 1: 2 OS x 3 phones per OS = 6
Yr 2: 4 OS x 3 new phones per OS + 6 legacy = 18
Yr 3: 4 OS x 3 new phones per OS + 18 legacy = 30
All handsets need development, bugfix & QA
Wi-Fi performance problem
Battery life
AP-AP handover latency
Wi-Fi/cellular handover decision
Standards vs CCX
Each OS (& underlying chip) different
Device & WLAN-dependent
Exploding UC ecosystem problem
4 major PBX vendors
8 minor/regional PBX vendors
3 IM networks
3+ unified messaging servers
Each server needs a client & integration work
The three significant tarpits of e-FMC

6. Separate apps from plumbing
WAN
Fixed-Mobile Convergence (1)
Integrating the cellphone with IP-PBX
Single-number-like behaviour
Mobile
Call features, trunking & UC apps
WLAN & call completion
Unified Communications
Diverse platforms to access information & communicate
Multiple media and Multimedia options
Fixed-Mobile Convergence (2)
Using the WLAN with cellphones
LAN
IP-PBXs
Unified transport on the LAN
Unified transport on the WAN & Internet
VoIP
Solve Wi-Fi (and a few SIP) issues and present clean interface for UC servers & clients.

7. Enterprise FMC Architectures
Enterprise-centric
LAN edge
LAN core
Internet
Cellular Core
Cellular
Base Station
SIP PBX
or softswitch
Voice
Telephony
Gateway
Mobility
Controller
Thin
APs
Carrier-centric
LAN edge
LAN core
Internet
Cellular Core
Cellular
Base Station
SIP PBX
or softswitch
FMC
Gateway
Mobility
Controller
Thin
APs
Wi-Fi side of the phone is homed to the PBX
PBX forwards calls to cellular number when phone is out of Wi-Fi coverage
Sometimes used with cellular data channel for presence & signaling when in cellular coverage
User experience is like a PBX extension whether inside or outside Wi-Fi coverage
Wi-Fi side of the phone is homed to the hosted FMC Gateway
Cellular operator (SP) ‘owns’ the phone number and behavior
User experience is like a cell phone whether in or out of Wi-Fi coverage

8. Converged handset solution
Out of doors
Indoors with Wi-Fi
Cellular
PBX
Cellular
PBX
At work
At home
voice
mail
Cell
phone
Wi-Fi
phone
Cell
phone
Wi-Fi
phone
Incoming cellular calls ring the phone
Incoming PBX calls forward to voic
Outgoing calls via cellular
, web available if on cellular data plan
Incoming cellular calls ring the phone
Incoming PBX calls on Wi-Fi ring the phone
Outgoing calls via Wi-Fi
, web available via Wi-Fi

9. Implementing Wi-Fi standards
2008 Scorecard: Wi-Fi Standards for voice
QoS
Jitter
Latency
Errors/drops
Wired LAN / WLAN
CAC
Handover
Influence decision
Fast handover
Secure handover
Battery life
On call
Standby
WMM-PS
WMM-SA
802.11i OKC
802.11k
VFC, etc
VFC
TSpec
Centralized control
Central encryption
Phone
Phone, codec, etc
Rate adapt PS
Proxy ARP 95 hr
BlackBerry
8820
2008
Nokia
E60
2006 24 hr 8 hr 2
Talk / Standby time on Wi-Fi
50 msec threshold for voice quality impairment
WMM & earlier functionality
Other functionality
Vendor architecture
Nokia handover latency

10. Two challenges of enterprise-centric FMC
Single Number Reach
Phal Nanda
Direct | Cell | Pager
Calls Employee’s
Enterprise Number
Sees Caller ID as Caller’s enterprise Number
Enterprise
Wi-Fi
Aruba MVC
Phal Nanda
Single Number
Presentation
IP-PBX
Employee’s
dual-mode phone rings
Employee dials the caller from his dual-mode phone
Wi-Fi
Cellular OR

11. SIP and Wi-Fi are key technologies
Handsets
IP-PBX
Mobile WAN
Putting It Together: Enterprise-owned e-FMC
Mobile LAN
SIP ALG
Monitoring
management
& stats
Mobile LAN is the missing link
Edge-aware handover
Full Wi-Fi SIP monitoring
“If they understand SIP…
we can communicate”
All IP-PBXs have SIP line interface
Installed base is catching up
Dell’Oro Enterprise
Telephony report
Back to Back User Agent
Emulate SIP station to PBX, SIP server to client
Pass through proprietary SIP features: add value with dial-string mods
SIP is the lingua Franca of IP-PBXs

12. Handover mechanics in MVC
Initial Wi-Fi call
Handover preparation
Handover completed
Cellular
Network
Base
Station
Destination
Enterprise Wi-Fi coverage
Destination
Cellular
Network
Destination
Enterprise Wi-Fi coverage
PSTN
Network
SIP PBX
Telephony
Gateway
LAN core
SIP PBX
Mobility
Controller
LAN edge
Access Point
Enterprise Wi-Fi coverage

13. Specific enterprise FMC features
Multiple Edges
Bldg 1
Bldg 2
Bldg 3
Cellular Core
Internet
Voice
Telephony
Gateway
LAN core
Mobility
Controller
SIP PBX
or softswitch
LAN edge
Cellular
Base Station
Thin
APs
WLAN edge detection
Accurate handover decisions
User Interface, apps
&
Unified
Communications
Client
WLAN
Baseband
Driver
Cellular
Stack
SUP
TAPI CC IP
Aruba
Thin
FMC
handoff
Edge
Prediction
VPN
PBX-independent handover
High-speed handover execution
From an existing network platform
LAN
VPN concentrator
Internet
Secure remote access for data
Wi-Fi hotspot or cellular data service

14. FMC in conjunction with an IP-PBX
UC services
Mobility
controller
IP-PBX
Mobility Domain Interface
VPN server
Firewall
Mobility with UC features
MVC system handles call completion and handover only No feature or UI interaction
Internet
Public
Hotspot
Accurate edge detection & handovers
The most difficult problem in e-FMC
Requires intimate knowledge of the WLAN environment
Secure access over public hotspots
An impossible task for custom-built thick client software

15. UMA for enterprise FMC LAN Carrier-based
Cellular Core
Network (AuC, HLR, MSC, SMSC, etc
Security
Gateway
UNC
Internet
LAN
BSC
BTS
Carrier-based
3GPP standard with universal client
IP-based Wi-Fi access
IPSec tunnel

16. Inside or outside the firewall access
& NAT
T-Mobile
Gateway
Internet
Outside the firewall (‘guest’) access for a UMA handset
‘guest’
SSID
No authentication, nor access to the LAN
Corporate
Wi-Fi
access point
Mobility
Controller
LAN
Firewall
& NAT
T-Mobile
Gateway
Corporate
SSID
Internet
Wi-Fi
access point
Inside the firewall access for a UMA handset
RADIUS
authentication
LAN
Full authentication, followed by full LAN access

17. On-site Mobility Controller architecture for UMA
Corporate
Firewall
Internet
Cellular
Wi-Fi
Access point
Security
Gateway
& UNC
Cellular Core
(HLR, AuC, MSC etc)
Mobility
Controller
LAN
Cellular service
Cellular –Wi-Fi handover
Wi-Fi – cellular handover
Wi-Fi service with AP-AP handover
network architecture and roaming

18. Handover – actual conditions in an enterprise WLAN
SNR
(dB)
Time (sec)

19. FMC and Unified Communications with Wi-Fi
Venkat Kalkunte
Thenu Kittappa
Peter Thornycroft
October 2008