1. Antebellum America

2. The Abolition Movement
The movement to abolish slavery
After Nat Turner, it became a radical movement
Different groups had different ideas to end slavery
American Colonization Society- They wanted to
send blacks back to Africa. They even started the
colony Liberia to send former slaves to.
Abraham Lincoln once supported this option.
2. Others wanted blacks to remain as free citizens.
William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass

3. Assenting to the "self-evident truth" maintained in the American Declaration of Independence, "that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights -- among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness," I shall strenuously contend for the immediate enfranchisement of our slave population. In Park-street Church, on the Fourth of July, 1829, in an address on slavery, I unreflectingly assented to the popular but pernicious doctrine of gradual abolition. I seize this opportunity to make a full and unequivocal recantation, and thus publicly to ask pardon of my God, of my country, and of my brethren the poor slaves, for having uttered a sentiment so full of timidity, injustice and absurdity. A similar recantation, from my pen, was published in the Genius of Universal Emancipation at Baltimore, in September, My conscience is now satisfied.  I am aware, that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! no! Tell a man whose house is on fire, to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hand of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from the fire into which it has fallen; -- but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD. The apathy of the people is enough to make every statue leap from its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead. 

4. Frederick Douglass Believed in Non-Violence
Former Slave who escaped to the North
Believed in Non-Violence
He wrote Narrative of the Life of
Frederick Douglass in 1845
He would later become a secret
advisor to Abraham Lincoln

5. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War Abraham Lincoln

6. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!

7. Harriet Beecher Stowe
She attacked slavery, but she also attacked people who weren’t doing anything about it
2nd best Selling Book of the 19th century
behind the Bible
Uncle Tom’s Cabin brought slavery out of just the
Political realm and brought it into the social realm.

8. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

9. Missouri Compromise
In 1819, Missouri considered in Congress for statehood
There are 11 slave states, 11 free states
Missouri would upset the balance in the Senate
South says North conspiring to destroy the Union, end slavery
North says South trying to extend slavery

10. Missouri Compromise-1820
At the same time, Maine is seeking admission as a state
Maine will be admitted as a Free State, MO can be added as a Slave State
No more slaves in Louisiana Territory
MO drafts a Constitution that prohibited FREE blacks from entering

11. Missouri Compromise

12. 12th President- Zachary Taylor

13. 13th President- Millard Fillmore

14. Compromise of 1850

15. Compromise of 1850 California comes in as a Free State
2. New, stronger Fugitive Slave Law- law requiring northerners to return runaways to their owners
3. Slave Trade in Washington D.C. is abolished.
4. New Mexico and Utah would have Popular
Sovereignty – people living there can decide
whether they want slavery or not.

16. Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman
Not a railroad. Not Underground
A system used to help slaves escape to freedom
Harriet Tubman
She was an escaped
slave who went back to
the South 19 times and
was responsible for
helping 300 slaves
escape to freedom

17. 1852- Franklin Pierce becomes President of the U.S.
The Saddest President
Sad

18. 15th President- James Buchanan

20. Illinois Senator
Stephen A Douglas
Has a great Idea
More Popular
Sovereignty

21. Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854

22. THIS LEADS TO: Most are voting illegally, but no way to prove it.
Pro-Slavery men pour over into Kansas from
Missouri. Anti-Slavery men come from up North.
Most are voting illegally,
but no way to prove it.
Pro-Slavery men win(illegally)
but now Kansas is a slave state
THIS LEADS TO:

23. “Bleeding Kansas”
1856

24. Will Retaliate But first? John Brown Radical Abolitionist
Lawrence, KS was an abolitionist town.
The pro-slavery attacked and burned it down
John Brown
Radical
Abolitionist
Will Retaliate
But first?

25. “The Crime Against Kansas”
Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

26. This sends John Brown over the edge!
John Brown led a raid on a proslavery camp and killed 5 proslavery people by splitting open their skulls with broadswords.
He gets away with it, but
everyone knows who did it!

27. 1859
John Brown is back!

28. Harper’s Ferry, Virginia

29. John Brown’s Fort

30. John Brown- Madman or Martyr?

31. Dred Scott Case
Get out your
packets!

32. 3. If Scott isn’t a Citizen, then he can’t sue anyone in court
Supreme Court Ruled:
1. Dred Scott was NOT Free
2. Scott was NOT a Citizen
3. If Scott isn’t a Citizen,
then he can’t sue anyone
in court
4. Scott was property and
owners can take property
wherever they want and not
lose it.
Roger Taney
Chief Justice of
Supreme Court

33. VS 1858 Mid-Term Elections Abraham Lincoln VS. Stephen A Douglas
Illinois Senate Race VS

34. Who wins?
Stephen A Douglas

35. Presidential Election of 1860
John Breckenridge
Kentucky
Southern Democrat
Stephen A. Douglas
Illinois
Democrat
Abraham Lincoln
Illinois
Republican
John Bell
Tennessee
Constitutional Union

37. LINCOLN WINS!

38. Lincoln has to wait 4 months
before he becomes President
James Buchanan is still
President for 4 months!
5 ½ Weeks after the election.
December 1860, South Carolina
secedes from the Union
By February 1861, 6 more states seceded:
MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX
These were all “Deep South” States where
slavery was most important

39. Texas would say:
We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were established exclusively by the white race, for themselves and their posterity; that the African race had no agency in their establishment; that they were rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and dependent race, and in that condition only could their existence in this country be rendered beneficial or tolerable.

40. February 1861- Confederate States of America
is started.
Jefferson Davis
Mississippi Senator
is elected
as 1st president

41. The new constitution has put at rest, forever, all the agitating questions relating to our peculiar institution — African slavery as it exists amongst us — the proper status of the negro in our form of civilization. This was the immediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution. Jefferson in his forecast, had anticipated this, as the "rock upon which the old Union would split." He was right. What was conjecture with him, is now a realized fact. But whether he fully comprehended the great truth upon which that rock stood and stands, may be doubted.
Alexander Stephens
CSA Vice President
Cornerstone Speech
(Jefferson's) ideas, however, were fundamentally wrong. They rested upon the assumption of the equality of races. This was an error. ... Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite idea; its foundations are laid, its corner–stone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery — subordination to the superior race — is his natural and normal condition.

42. Lincoln takes office in March 1861
Lincoln said he
wouldn’t interfere
with slavery where it
already existed and
reminded the country
that secession was
illegal
By March, 1861, The US only controlled 4 forts
that were in the Confederacy.

43. By April, 1861, only one remained- Fort Sumter- Charleston, SC
Lincoln sent supply ships to Sumter, but
Southerners wouldn’t let the ships dock
Before the Ships arrived, Jefferson Davis
ordered the Confeds to fire on Ft. Sumter
April 12, 4:30 Am. South Carolina
started firing on Ft. Sumter. Union soldiers tried
to fight back but ran out of ammo and supplies
Eventually. No Union soldiers killed in the fight.

46. Fort Sumter- 2007

48. After Sumter, Lincoln demanded every
remaining US State to send some troops
to join the army to invade the Confederacy!
At this, the Upper South states secede- Virginia,
Arkansas, N. Carolina, and Tennessee
This double the white population of the
Confederacy! More railroads, more food,
more industry
The Capital moves to Richmond, VA from
Montgomery, AL

49. NORTH/UNION
CONFEDERACY/REBELS
22 Million people total
6 Million of fighting age
9 Million People total
2 million of fighting age
Better Industry/
Transportation
Lots of Cotton to sell
for $$$$$
Government w/
infrastructure
Fighting a Defensive War
Home Field Advantage
Psychological Advantage
They believed they were
better fighters.

50. Why did men join the Army?
1. Patriotism- Their government needs them!
2. Sense of Adventure/Travel
3. Peer Pressure

51. Winfield Scott- 1st Union head general
Anaconda Plan

52. Eastern Theater
VS.
Western Theater

53. George McClellan replaces
Winfield Scott as Union
Head General
His goal was to capture
Richmond, VA
His biggest problem was
that he was always too
cautious and slow to
commit his army
McClellan was too nervous to
attack from August 1861-March 1862

54. Robert E. Lee Eastern Theater Spring 1862- Peninsula
Campaign in VA backfires for
the Union and McClellan
It was great for the new
Confederate general
Robert E. Lee. He would
dominate the Union in the
East throughout most of 1862
Robert E. Lee
Confederate
General

55. Eastern Theater
VS.
Western Theater

56. Western Theater Ulysses S. Grant Feb. 1862- Grant captures
two major Confed. forts
in TN. Fort Henry and
Fort Donelson.
“Unconditional Surrender”
By the end of Spring 1862-
Union controlled all major
forts on the MS river except
one in Vicksburg, MS.
Ulysses S. Grant
Western Theater is going good for the Union!

57. Lee moves his army into Maryland,
September 1862-
Lee moves his army into Maryland,
a union state, but a slave state. Lee wanted France and England to support the CSA, and a victory in Maryland would seal the deal.
Eastern Theater
Battle of Antietam- Bloodiest
day in American history. 27,000
casualties in one day.
Robert E. Lee
Confederate
General
And Nobody won. The battle was a draw!
However, Lincoln said close enough to a victory
to issue his new proclamation

61. What’s the catch though? What are we missing?
After Antietam, Sept. 1862,
Lincoln issues the
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
This proclamation freed all the slaves
in the Confederacy if they don’t join
the Union by January 1, 1863.
What’s the catch though?
What are we missing?

62. Consequences of Antietam:
People even more aware of the
horrors of what this war has become.
2. Emancipation Proclamation issued
3. England and France MUCH LESS likely
to join Confederacy
4. Union has a new “moral” reason to fight
in this war!
Union starts to become Freedom Fighters
for the first time!

63. African-American Recruiting Poster

64. The Famous 54th Massachusetts

65. Col. Robert
Gould Shaw
54th Regiment of
Massachusetts

67. African-Americans in Civil War Battles

68. The War in the West, 1863:
Vicksburg

69. Ulysses S. Grant
Vicksburg

71. North again. This time he moves into Gettysburg, PA
Robert E. Lee
Lee claims he won Antietam.
and the Confederates control
the Eastern Theater
Throughout 1862 and into the
Summer of
Lee decides to raid the
North again. This time he
moves into Gettysburg, PA

72. Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863

73. Gen. George Meade
Maj. Gen.
George Pickett
Robert E. Lee

74. The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

75. Gettysburg Casualties

76. Gettysburg Address
Nov. 1863

77. 1864
Election Year
Abraham Lincoln
George McClellan

78. New York City Draft Riots- 1863
Why did they riot?
Rich people were
able to pay $300 and
avoid the draft
2. The immigrants
blame free blacks for
taking their jobs
3. They start blaming
the entire war on
African-Americans

79. Overland Campaign Grant Kills Rebels and Union soldiers, but it
Hurts the Rebels more.

80. June 1864
Lee retreats to Richmond

81. Appomattox Court House- Lee submits to Grant