1. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

2. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system
What do you think?

3. functions and disorders of the
1.03 Understand the
functions and disorders of the
skeletal system
Essential Standards:
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
What are some disorders of the skeletal system?
How are skeletal disorders treated?
How does the skeletal system relate to the body’s systems of support and movement?
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

4. Functions Supports body and provides shape Protects internal organs
Movement and anchorage of muscles
Mineral storage (Calcium and phosphorus)
Hemopoiesis – blood cell formation

5. Functions Of The Skeletal System
1. Support
Provides the framework to support the
body’s fat, muscles, and skin. Gives
shape to the body.
2. Protection
Protect delicate structures within them
(heart, lungs, brain) as well as
protecting bone marrow which is
responsible for forming blood cells.
3. Movement
Serves as a point of attachment for
skeletal muscles. As muscles contract and
shorten, they pull on bones and move them.

6. Functions (cont) 4. Storage Stores most of the body’s calcium supply.
98% of the body’s extracellular calcium is stored in bones.
Excess calcium in the
blood, calcium goes into bone for storage.
Lack of calcium in blood and it goes from bone to blood

7. Functions Of The Skeletal System
(continued)
5. Hemiopoiesis (hee-mo-poy-EE-sis)
 “Hemo” means blood and “poiesis” means to make.
 Blood cell formation takes place in the red bone
marrow.
 The average life of a RBC is 120 days so your
body must produce 3 million new RBC’s every
second!
 If your body’s need for red blood cells is greater
than what the body can supply, some of the fatty
yellow matter can be converted to red marrow.

8. Review the Functions of the Skeletal System
What functions of the skeletal system are demonstrated in this picture?
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

9. Review the Functions of the Skeletal System
Discuss hemopoiesis
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

10. Review the Functions of the Skeletal System
Which minerals are stored in the skeletal system?
What is the relevance to your health?
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

11. Review the Functions of the Skeletal System
Demonstrate movement.
Discuss the movement in these pictures.
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

12. Review the Functions of the Skeletal System
Types of movement
Discuss the movement in these pictures.
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

13. Review the Functions of the Skeletal System
Which skeletal structures provide protection?
Which organs do they protect?
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

14. Review the Functions of the Skeletal System
How does the skeletal system provide support?
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

15. Disorders of the Skeletal System
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

16. Disorders of the Skeletal System
Arthritis
Define the term based on the meaning of its parts
arthr/o itis
Discuss current knowledge of arthritis
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

17. Arthritis Inflammation of the joints
Most commonly seen in the hand and knee joints
Many types, most common: rheumatoid & osteoarthritis

18. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic, autoimmune disorder
Cause unknown

19. Disorders of the Skeletal System
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
“degenerative”
Occurs w/ aging
About 80% of all
Americans are
affected
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

20. Arthritis Treatment
Medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs; other meds
An exercise program—swimming, golf, walking, tennis, range-of-motion exercises (such as stretching)
Physical therapy

21. Disorders of the Skeletal System
Arthritis
Compare rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
What is the relevance to health?
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

22. Disorders of the Skeletal System
Gout
Accumulation of uric acid crystals in joint, most commonly big toe but can occur in other joints
Treat w/ NSAIDS, other meds
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

23. Disorders of the Skeletal System
Osteoporosis
Discuss this condition.
Oste/o por/ous osis
What household object does osteoporosis remind you of?
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

24. Osteoporosis Affects 25 million Americans, 80% are women
Most often seen in post-menopausal, white women
The mineral density of the bone is reduced leaving the bones thinner, porous and susceptible to fracture
Person loses calcium and phosphorous

25. Osteoporosis: Bone Loss
Bone at age 33

26. Osteoporosis: Bone Loss
Bone at age 55

27. Osteoporosis: Bone Loss
Bone at age 75

28. Disorders of the Skeletal System
Osteoporosis
Explain two reasons why this woman gets shorter as she ages
Normal vertebral disc compression that happens with aging
Osteoporosis causes the bones to get smaller & weaker as they get more porous
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

29. Treatment for Osteoporosis
Aimed at preventing or slowing down the process:
Adequate calcium intake
Regular exercise
Estrogen (hormone supplement) for post-menopausal women
Avoid high sodium & potassium diets
Bone density studies
Got Milk?

30. Osteomyelitis Infection of the bone
Could be from a systemic infection…or
May occur with a Compound fracture

31. Disorders of the Skeletal System
Rickets
Usually found in children
Caused by lack of Vitamin D
Breastfed babies &/or babies with too little sun exposure (or sunscreen blocking sun) are at higher risk
Need vitamin D, calcium, sunshine
Normal legs
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

32. Disorders of the Skeletal System
Rickets
How is rickets treated?
How does rickets impact a person’s healthy function?
Is this a health concern in the U.S.? Why/why not?
Normal legs
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

33. Disorders of the Skeletal System
Abnormal spinal curvatures
Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

34. Kyphosis AKA: Hunchback
A humped curvature in the thoracic curvature of the spine

35. Lordosis AKA: Swayback
Exaggerated inward curvature in the lumbar region of the spine just above the sacrum

36. Scoliosis
A side-to-side or lateral curvature of the spine causing 1 shoulder to be lower than the other

38. Treatment for Abnormal Curvatures
Exercise
Back brace
Insertion of a metal rod

39. Placement of Rod

40. Disorders of the Skeletal System
Trauma
Dislocation
Bone is displaced, may result in tearing & stretching of ligaments
Reduction or return of bone is necessary
Rest to allow ligaments to heal
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

41. Skeletal System Trauma
Dislocation
What are the characteristics of a dislocation?
Compare dislocation to subluxation (incomplete or impartial dislocation)
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

42. Skeletal System Trauma
Fractures
What is a fracture? Any break in a bone
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

43. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system
Fracture Types
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

44. Skeletal System Trauma
Fractures
Closed or simple
Does not pierce the skin
Tx: Closed Reduction
Cast or Splint to heal
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

45. Skeletal System Trauma
Fractures
Open or compound
Pierces through the skin—need to be concerned with infection
Tx: Open Reduction/Internal Fixation
Surgical intervention with devices such as wires, metal plates, or screws to hold the bones in alignment
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

46. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system
ORIF
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

47. Skeletal System Trauma
Fractures
Comminuted
bone is splintered or broken into many pieces
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

48. Skeletal System Trauma
Fractures
Greenstick
Common in children
Bone is bent & splintered but never completely separated
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

49. Fracture Tx ORIF Closed Reduction Traction
Surgical intervention where devises such as wires, plates or screws are used to hold the bone in alignment and cast or splint is applied
Closed Reduction
Bone fragments are brought into alignment by manipulation and a cast is applied to immobilize the bone
Traction
Pulling force used to hold the bones in place, used for fractures of long bones

50. Review Skeletal System Trauma
How are fractures treated?
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

51. Skeletal System Trauma
Fractures
fracture sites related to osteoporosis
Explain why
fractures are
common in
these sites.
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

52. Sprain An injury to a joint caused by any sudden or unusual motion
Occurs most often to a joint while running
Often occurs with damaged ligaments
Signs: Swelling and pain in the joint area

53. Treatment for a Sprain R-I-C-E R: Rest I: Ice to decrease swelling
C: Compression (with an ace bandage)
E: Elevate to decrease swelling

54. Trauma (cont)
Strain
Overstretching or tearing of muscle

55. Arthroscopy
Examination of joint using arthroscope with fiber optic lens
Most knee injuries are treated with arthroscopy

56. Skeletal System Related Jobs
Physical Therapist pg 105
Physical Therapy Assistant pg 108
DO (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine) pg 113
Radiologic Technologist pg 114
Others?
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

57. functions and disorders of the
1.03 Understand the
functions and disorders of the
skeletal system
Essential Standards:
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
What are some disorders of the skeletal system?
How are skeletal disorders treated?
How does the skeletal system relate to the body’s systems of support and movement?
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

58. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system
The End
1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system