1. Socialism vs. Progressivism
“Progressive
Hepburn Act (1906) – Regulate Railroads
Meat Inspection Act (1906) – Regulations
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) – Regulations
Environmental Conservation (1905 & 1906) – Protecting Lands
16th Amendment (1913) – Income Tax
17th Amendment (1913) – Direct Election of Senators
Federal Reserve Act (1913) – Banking Reform
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) – Protect Unions
18th Amendment (1919) – Alcohol Prohibition
19th Amendment (1920) – Women’s Right to Vote Nationwide
Regarding child labor, workers’ compensation, limiting hours, zoning and building codes
Era Reforms”
Are these reforms socialism?
Socialism vs. Progressivism

2. Socialism vs. Progressivism
Socialism is an economic system characterized by some government ownership of land, goods, or resources.
Remove sectors of the economy away from the capitalist system
Socialism can exist alongside capitalism and democracy
An attempt to “share the profits of society.”
Progressivism in the U.S. is a political reform movement, trying to reform capitalism and society at large.
“Regulate” business
Support capitalism
Programs that help the working class

3. Socialism vs. Progressivism
“Progressive
Hepburn Act (1906) – Regulate Railroads
Meat Inspection Act (1906) – Regulations
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) – Regulations
Environmental Conservation (1905 & 1906) – Protecting Lands
16th Amendment (1913) – Income Tax
17th Amendment (1913) – Direct Election of Senators
Federal Reserve Act (1913) – Banking Reform
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) – Protect Unions
18th Amendment (1919) – Alcohol Prohibition
19th Amendment (1920) – Women’s Right to Vote Nationwide
Regarding child labor, workers’ compensation, limiting hours, zoning and building codes
Era Reforms”
Are these reforms socialism?
Socialism vs. Progressivism

4. Theodore Roosevelt: the “accidental President” Republican (1901-1909)
National Forest Service (1905)
Managing forest resources
Socialism?
Antiquities Act (1906)
Protecting lands of historical & scientific interest and prehistoric lands
Gives the president “nearly-unfettered discretion”
Conservationist
vs.
Preservationist
Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

5. Socialism? Other protected habitats - 5 national parks
- 18 national monuments
- 150 National Forests
- 51 bird sanctuaries
- 4 game refuges
- 230 million acres preserved
Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

6. CONSERVATION: National Parks and Forests
Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;

7. Response to Camella Teoli’s story and the Lawrence Textile Strike (1912) …
** What happened to Camella Teoli in 1911, and how did her testimony affect the 1912 Lawrence Mill Strike?

8. Taft’s Progressive Accomplishments
William Howard Taft President Republican
Trust-busting
Children’s Bureau
(Taft has) “…completely twisted around the policies I advocated and acted upon.”
-Theodore Roosevelt

9. Presidential Election of 1912
** What are the messages of each cartoon or campaign image?

10. Wilson’s Progressive Era Reforms
Sixteenth Amendment (1913) – income tax, new source of revenue!!
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Federal Reserve Banking System
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)
Further regulated businesses
Allowed unions to exist
Wadsworth.com
Woodrow Wilson President Democrat
Wilson at the peak of his power

11. ** Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
** Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy
Federal Reserve strives to manage the money supply as well as the availability of credit within the nation.
(1) Open market operations – buying and selling securities, U.S. bonds
(2) The discount rate –
interest charged other banks
(3) Reserve requirements –
keeping $$$ on hand

12. European / United States Imperialism:
“Age of Imperialism”
1870s
1893
1912
1920
European / United States Imperialism:
European actions in Africa
U.S. involvement in …
Japan
Hawaii
Cuba
Philippines
China
Colombia

13. Causes of U.S. Imperialism
[1] Markets for U.S. goods …
[2] Establishing U.S. military bases …
[3] Anglo-Saxonism / Extending U.S. cultural influence …
*** Nothing altruistic about it!!!

14. Annexation of Hawaii 1878, U.S. negotiates in American Samoa …
1790’s American merchants & missionaries arrive
to Hawaii …
1875, U.S. establishes a naval base in Hawaii in order to …
1887, the Bayonet Constitution, which established …
January 16, the peaceful overthrow of the
Queen Liluokalani …
The Marines land …

15. Annexation of Hawaii
President Grover Cleveland refused to approve annexation …
Investigation and reinstatement …
1898, Newlands Resolution, establishing …
Grover Cleveland
William McKinley

16. United States imperialism in Latin America …
: U.S. Marines land in Argentina to protect American interests during a revolution
1855: U.S. forces sent to Uruguay to protect American lives and property
1885: Washington sends--in one of the first acts of "gunboat diplomacy"--the USS Wachusett to Guatemala to defend American lives and property
1904: United States takes control of the Dominican Republic
1905: U.S. Marines land in Honduras
: U.S. forces occupy Cuba
1912: United Fruit begins operations
in Honduras
: U.S. troops occupy Haiti
: U.S. Marines occupy the
Dominican Republic
1918: U.S. army lands in Panama to
protect United Fruit plantations
: U.S. troops support a coup
in Guatemala
: U.S. marines occupy Nicaragua
1954: CIA-United Fruit coup in Guatemala

17. “Second Industrial Revolution & The Gilded Age”
1870
1890
1914
** Time of Individualism …
Urbanization, Industrialization, Immigration, and the Rise of Industry and wealth within our Nation

18. Expanding Public Education
- What were the major changes to public education between 1865 and 1895?

19. Expanding Public Education (continued)
- Making school mandatory …
- Between 1865 and 1895, states passed laws requiring 12 to 16 weeks of school attendance between the ages of 8 and 14.
- Kindergartens increase in number from 200 in 1880 to 3,000 in 1900.

20. Expanding Public Education (continued)
- Growth of high schools …
- Loyal to the capitalist system …
- Prepared for work in the industrial era, with the following practices:
- (1) Regimentation …
- (2) Carnegie units …

21. Expanding Public Education (continued)
- Curriculum changes to include …
- And vocational subjects … different ones for women and men
- “Americanization” of immigrants…

22. Rise of Popular Entertainment
People divide their time between “work and going home” and “going out.”
Amusement Parks
Vaudeville and ragtime
“Saloon Culture”
New York’s Coney Island

23. A New “Mass” or “Popular” American Culture
** Why A Popular, Mass Culture? **
Ashley

24. Why A Popular, Mass Culture?
- (1) Greater Urban culture
- Greater concentration of people
- (2) Less work-time
- The average work week declines:
hours per week in 1860 (includes farming)
hours in 1890
hours in 1910
- (4) Rise of Marketing / Advertising
- (5) More Discretionary Income
* GNP per capita * Percentage of Income on Food
$ %
$ %
$1, %
- (3) Mandatory Public Education
- (6) Greater Publishing

25. 1890 is the “year of division”
Nativism … Why Nativism?
What were the causes of nativist sentiment? (write these …)
“Old” versus “New” immigrants …
Old – Northern Europeans: Ireland, Germany, England, and Scandinavian countries.
Before the Civil War …
1890 is the “year of division”
New – Southeastern Europeans, mainly from Italy, Greece, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, as well as Canada and China, but also record numbers of Irish & Germans
By 1900 …
By 1920 …

26. Cultural Differences between “Old” versus “New” immigrants …
“Old” Immigrants were WASPs – White, Anglo-Saxon protestants
- Newcomers needed to be “Americanized”
- Immigration a “problem to be solved”
- Examples of “social control” (write these …)
“New” Immigrants were largely Catholic and Jewish
- Resisted complete “Americanization”

27. Efforts to retain the Culture:
“New” Immigrants
Largely urban dwellers - By 1900, percentage of foreign born …
Efforts to retain the Culture:
(1) “Saloon culture” versus the “Sunday Blue Laws” / Puritan culture …
(2) Practiced “Chain migration” …
(3) Parochial Schools …
(4) Settled in “Ethnic Enclaves” …