1. TOOLS FOR MINING DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION
Communities and Small Scale Mining – November 2006 – Antsirabe, Madagascar
TOOLS FOR MINING DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION
Peter Nelson
Land Use Consultants UK

2. Order of Presentation Setting the context Appraisal Methods
Communities and Small Scale Mining – November 2006 – Antsirabe, Madagascar
Order of Presentation
Setting the context
Appraisal Methods
Limitations of EIA
The Role of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

3. A MINERAL-RICH COUNTRY1

4. 2

5. 3

6. 4

7. 6

8. 7

9. 8

10. 9

11. 10

12. NATIONAL PROFILE

13. |Historical Development
NATIONAL PROFILE
|Historical Development
Colonial Rule – Extensive mining
Independence – Socialist state
- Free Enterprise
- Reform Agenda

14. NATIONAL PROFILE
|Historical Development
Economic Performance

15. |Historical Development
NATIONAL PROFILE
|Historical Development
Economic Performance
Legal Structure
Community Rights
‘Crown Land’ / Private Holdings
Nationalised Mineral Resources
Concessions
Restored Community Rights

16. |Historical Development
NATIONAL PROFILE
|Historical Development
Economic Performance
Legal Structure
Governance
Centralised Control of Resources
No Community Involvement

17. |Historical Development
NATIONAL PROFILE
|Historical Development
Economic Performance
Legal Structure
Governance
Livelihoods/ Social Welfare
Ruling ‘Elite’
Impoverished Population

18. NATIONAL PROFILE
|Historical Development
Economic Performance
Legal Structure
Governance
Livelihoods/ Social Welfare
Attitudes to Mining & Mineral Development

19. X
EXISTING MINES AND IMPACT ZONES Y

21. INDUSTRIAL MINING Open pit non-ferrous metal mining
Overburden - tailings
Water / air pollution
Conflicting landuses
Labour issues
Health issues

24. COMMUNITY MINING AREAS AND IMPACT ZONESB

25. COMMUNITY MINING Environmental Damage Water / air pollution
Health and safety issues
Population migration
Economic instability
Criminal activity

26. POTENTIAL OPEN PIT MINES WITH EIAS1 2 3

27. CUMULATIVE EFFECTS X Y 1 2 3

28. X Y NEED FOR ACTION 1 2 3 Policy Reforms
(Legal / Fiscal / Land Tenure etc.)
Sector-wide Assessment 1 2 3

29. The EIA-SEA-SA Family Environmental Impact Assessment Economic
Social

30. The EIA-SEA-SA Family Environmental Impact Assessment Strategic
Economic
Environment
Social

31. The EIA-SEA-SA Family Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental
Impact
Assessment
Sustainability
Appraisal
Economic
Environment
Social

32. Comparing EIA and SEA procedural conceptual
project orientated and site specific
reactive,
few alternatives (if any),
output and permit driven
omitting unforeseen cumulative impacts.
SEA
conceptual
strategic and open-ended,
proactive,
many variants,
process driven
considers cumulative effects

33. How Does SEA Relate to Other Processes?
Integrated Impact Assessment
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Social Impact Assessment
Adaptive Impact Assessment
Sustainability Appraisal
Cumulative Impact Assessment
Explanation of SEA, especially in SA context. Also mention distorted use of the term in the project – cause of much confusion.

34. Why SEA? To guide development within sustainable limits.
Communities and Small Scale Mining – November 2006 – Antsirabe, Madagascar
Why SEA?
To guide development within sustainable limits.
To evaluate policies, plans and programmes, (adopting an integrated view of the environment, covering biophysical, social and economic issues),
To challenge preconceived ideas and conventional wisdom,
To offer a pro-active management instrument,
Explanation of SEA, especially in SA context. Also mention distorted use of the term in the project – cause of much confusion.

35. What are the Goals for a Mining SEA?
Communities and Small Scale Mining – November 2006 – Antsirabe, Madagascar
What are the Goals for a Mining SEA?
To establish the appropriate institutional and organisational framework
To refine policies, plans and programmes to make their consequences more sustainable.
To improve links between policies and programmes and actions designed specifically to help the poor.
To build understanding and capacity in SEA techniques,
Explanation of SEA, especially in SA context. Also mention distorted use of the term in the project – cause of much confusion.

36. SEA METHODOLOGY Step 1 Understanding the Context
Step 2 Determining Goals, Objectives and Targets
Step 3 Defining Baseline Conditions
Step 4 Evaluating the Existing Policies /Plans
Step 5 Predicting Effects
Step 6 Developing Indicators
Step 7 Considering Alternatives
Step 8 Considering the Scope for Mitigation
Step 9 Monitoring and Evaluation

37. Typical Policy Formulation Process
DEFINE THE PROBLEM
SUMMARISE KEY ISSUES
SET OUT A GOAL / VISION
DEVELOP POLICY OPTIONS
DRAFT POLICIES
DEBATE DRAFT POLICY
REFINE POLICY
APPROVE POLICY

38. Typical Policy Formulation Process Introducing SEA to Policy
DEFINE THE PROBLEM
SCOPE
SUMMARISE KEY ISSUES
BASELINE
SET OUT A GOAL / VISION
ANALYSIS
DEVELOP POLICY OPTIONS
ALTERNATIVES
DRAFT POLICIES
PREPARE REPORT
DEBATE DRAFT POLICY
CONFIRM DECISIONS
REFINE POLICY
MONITOR RESULTS
APPROVE POLICY

39. COMMUNITY LIAISION
FORESTRY AND MINING

40. Typical Policy Formulation Process Introducing SEA to Policy
DEFINE THE PROBLEM P
SCOPE
SUMMARISE KEY ISSUES
BASELINE
SET OUT A GOAL / VISION
ANALYSIS
DEVELOP POLICY OPTIONS
ALTERNATIVES
DRAFT POLICIES
PREPARE REPORT
DEBATE DRAFT POLICY
CONFIRM DECISIONS
REFINE POLICY
MONITOR RESULTS
APPROVE POLICY

41. Typical Policy Formulation Process Introducing SEA to Policy
DEFINE THE PROBLEM P
SCOPE
SUMMARISE KEY ISSUES
BASELINE
SET OUT A GOAL / VISION
ANALYSIS P
DEVELOP POLICY OPTIONS
ALTERNATIVES
DRAFT POLICIES
PREPARE REPORT
DEBATE DRAFT POLICY
CONFIRM DECISIONS
REFINE POLICY
MONITOR RESULTS
APPROVE POLICY

42. Typical Policy Formulation Process Introducing SEA to Policy
DEFINE THE PROBLEM P
SCOPE
SUMMARISE KEY ISSUES
BASELINE
SET OUT A GOAL / VISION
ANALYSIS P
DEVELOP POLICY OPTIONS
ALTERNATIVES
DRAFT POLICIES
PREPARE REPORT
DEBATE DRAFT POLICY P
CONFIRM DECISIONS
REFINE POLICY
MONITOR RESULTS
APPROVE POLICY

43. PRINCIPLES OF SEA (1) To improve policy-making and planning:
Communities and Small Scale Mining – November 2006 – Antsirabe, Madagascar
PRINCIPLES OF SEA (1)
To improve policy-making and planning:
Establish clear goals
Integrate with existing structures
Be flexible, iterative and customised
Analyse effects and risks
Justify options and trade-offs
Identify environmental opportunities and constraints
Examine links between environmental, social and economic factors,

44. PRINCIPLES OF SEA (2) To improve policy-making and planning:
Communities and Small Scale Mining – November 2006 – Antsirabe, Madagascar
PRINCIPLES OF SEA (2)
To improve policy-making and planning:
Involve key stakeholders
Encourage public involvement
Build in independent quality-assurance,
Be transparent and publish results
Be cost-effective
Encourage follow-up reviews
Build capacity

45. The End