1. Newton’s Laws

2. Compare/Contrast these situations Does the length of rope matter?

3. Newton’s First Law (of Inertia)
DON’T COPY THIS:
“An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by a force”
If the forces acting upon an object are balanced the object will continue to do what it is doing.
Inertia: the resistance to change in the state of a motion
Objects maintain a constant velocity unless acted upon by another force, therefore acceleration requires unbalanced forces.
What is inertia?
Define law in your own word: Objects tend to keep doing what they are doing
Imagine you are in your car with a cup of coffee if you accelerate forwards what happens to the coffee? What about if you abruptly stop?
Quiz Page 10

4. Inertia & Mass
Remember inertia is the resistance an object has to a change in it’s state of motion.
Forces aren’t need to keep an object in motion, rather forces are needed to bring an object to rest.
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion depends on it’s mass; the more mass something has the more inertia it has.

5. State of Motion
Redefined inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in it’s velocity
According to Newton’s First Law:
An object at rest will remain at rest with a velocity of zero unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
An object traveling at a speed will remain at that speed unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
Therefore inertia can be redefined as the tendency of an object to resist acceleration

6. Remember a force is a push or a pull on an object
Balanced Forces
Unbalanced Forces
In order for two forces to balance they must be equal in magnitude.
What does a force diagram look like for a book at rest on my table?
There is no equivalent force opposing
Cause acceleration
What would the force diagram look like for a book on the table pushed leftwards?
Sitting on desk:
What forces are acting upon the book?
Are they balanced?
Being pushed

7. Newton’s First Law
“An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by a force”
Define Newton’s First Law in your own words.

8. Forces Contact Force Field Force
When two interacting forces are perceived as physically touching.
Ex: friction, tension, normal, air resistance, applied, & spring force.
A force which is able to exert a push or pull without physical contact.
“action at a distance force”
Ex: gravity, electric, & magnetic force.
Forces are vector quantities (magnitude & direction)
Forces are measured in Newtons
1 N= the force required to five a 1kg object an acceleration of 1m/s2

9. Forces

10. Force Research
Create a power point slide ( ed to me) or poster to “present” a force
Make sure to:
Describe/define the force
Identify any specific equations associated with it
Show an example of the force in a force diagram
You will briefly share your findings tomorrow in class
Resources

11. Happy Homecoming 10/7
In preparation for tonight we will copy down the school fight song for our opener: Go Vikes Go! Fight Vikes Fight! Go Go Go Go Vikings! Fight You Mighty Vikings Fight Vikings Bold Our (Wo)Men are Fighting For the Purple and Gold Cheer For Dear Old NK (Wo)Men Without Fear Fight Vikings Fight While We Give Our Cheer V-I-K-I-N-G-S! Vikings! Vikings! Wooooooooooh!

12. Applied Forces
An applied force is a force that is applied to an object by a person or another object. If a person is pushing a desk across the room, then there is an applied force acting upon the object. The applied force is the force exerted on the desk by the person1.
Fapp
1http://

13. Gravity: Fundamental force of the universe
Gravity is dependent on mass
directly proportional to the mass of the object
the force of gravity acting between the earth and any other object is directly proportional to the mass of the earth
inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates the centers of the earth and the object
(The farther away from the object, the lesser the pull of gravity. )
more mass = more gravitational force and attract smaller object
toward it.
Everything emits a gravitational pull.
Earth: makes objects fall
Solar System: keeps solar system together

17. Frictional Force Ffrict = µ • Fnorm
the force exerted by the surfaces of two objects in contact with each other when they attempt to move
Attraction results from the intermolecular forces between molecules of the different surfaces
Two types:
Sliding – when an object moves across a surface
Static – when the objects are at rest and a force attempts to set one of them in motion
Ffrict = µ • Fnorm
µ: measure of the amount of adhesion or attraction between the surfaces
Ffrict-sliding = μfrict-sliding • Fnorm
Ffrict-static ≤ μfrict-static• Fnorm

18. Magnetic Force F=qv x B or F=BILsin(Θ)
Force is equivalent to a fixed amount of charge(v) moving at a fixed velocity (q) in a uniform magnetic field (B).
Force is equivalent to a current (I) moving through a length of wire (L) in a uniform magnetic field (B) with a given vector (Θ).
Magnetic fields are classified as vector fields, as they exhibit both a direction and magnitude. Two objects with opposite charges will attract and two objects with similar charges will repel each other.

19. ELECTRICAL FORCE Equation to express work done by an electrical Force
Electrical forces are an attractive or repulsive force between electrically charged objects. If the objects have opposite charges, they are attracted to each other. If they are the same, they are repulsive . Electrical forces are very similar to magnetic forces, but at still fundamentally different.
The difference between a magnetic field and an electrical field is that a electrical field may move a charged particle were as a magnetic field may not.
Also in contrast a electrical field force acts parallel to the field, were as a magnetic force acts orthogonal.
Another key difference is that a magnetic force does not produce net work were as a electrical force does.
Equation to express work done by an electrical Force

20. Mass vs. Weight Mass: the amount of “stuff” making up an object
Weight: the force of gravity interacting with the amount of “stuff” making up an object
On earth weight is equivalent to 9.8Newtons per a kilogram of “stuff” or 9.8N/kg
On the moon your weight is equivalent to 1.7N/kg
If there are .45kg in 1 pound what is your weight?
What is your mass?
What is your mass on the moon?
What is your weight on the moon?
My weight on earth 135lb or 60.75kg
My mass on earth 6.20 kg or 13.7lb
My mass on the moon is the SAME!
My weight on the moon 10.5 kg or 23.1 lb

21. Free Body Diagrams
Free body diagrams show the relationship between relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an object.
The size of the arrow represents the magnitude of the force
Steps for drawing a diagram
Identify what forces are acting upon the object
Identify the direction and magnitude of these forces
Draw the diagram representing:
The object (or a box if you are not artistic)
Arrows representing forces

22. Practice Free Body Diagrams
A book falls of the desk and is free-falling to the ground
A painter hangs on a rope secured to the ceiling.
A force is applied to drag a sled with a rightwards acceleration across snow (ignore air resistance)

23. Net Force
Unbalanced force: when vertical forces (up/down) do not cancel each other out and/or horizontal forces (right/left) do not cancel each other out.
Unbalanced forces have a net force ≠ 0
Net force is a vector sum of all forces
Observe in the following examples that downward vectors provide a partial or full cancellation of an upward vector. What are the net forces for each example?
If balanced forces result in no acceleration, unbalanced forces, or the presence of a net forces causes an acceleration.
What are the net force of the three examples?
Quiz 45

24. Newton’s Second Law
The acceleration of an object directly depends upon the net force acting upon the object and is inversely related to the mass of the object
Fnet=ma or a=Fnet/m
1 Newton= 1kg * 1m/s2
Acceleration is in the same direction as the net force.

25. Practice Calculations
5 m/s/s
10 m/s/s
5 m/s/s
What happens when mass is doubled? Acceleration is halved
What happens when mass is halved? Acceleration is doubled
20 N
1 kg